Brpf1

Peregrin also known as bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRPF1 gene located on 3p26-p25. Peregrin is a multivalent chromatin regulator that recognizes different epigenetic marks and activates three histone acetyltransferases (Moz, Morf and Hbo1). BRPF1 contains two PHD fingers, one bromodomain and one chromo/Tudor-related Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro (PWWP) domain.

Brpf1
Identifiers
Aliases4833438B11Rik4930540D11RikBrpf2bromodomain and PHD finger containing1
External IDsHomoloGene: 31251 GeneCards:
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 6 (human)
Band6|6 E3Start113,307,137 bp
End113,324,860 bp
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

78783

n/a

Ensembl

ENSMUSG00000001632

n/a

UniProt

B2RRD7

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001282126
NM_001282127
NM_001282128
NM_030178

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001269055
NP_001269056
NP_001269057
NP_084454

n/a

Location (UCSC)Chr 6: 113.31 – 113.32 Mbn/a
PubMed search[1]n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Function
Brpf1 forms a stable complex with Moz/Morf-Hbo1 and targets to chromatin to regulate transcription.[2]
Brpf1 null mutant mouse dies at embryonic day 9.5.[3][4] Forebrain-specific knock out of Brpf1 cause hypoplasia in the dentate gyrus of mouse.[5]

Embryo development

Brpf1 gene is very conserved and has a critical role in different developmental processes.[2][3][4] Zebrafish BRPF1, which is coordinated by its particular set of PWWP domains, mediates Moz -dependent histone acetylation and maintains Hox genes expression throughout vertebrate development, hence determines the proper pharyngeal segmental identities.[6] Furthermore, Brpf1 may not only has significant role for maintaining the anterior-posterior axis of the craniofacial skeleton, but also the dorsal-ventral axis of the caudal skeleton.[7] Recent studies have shown that ablation of the mouse Brpf1 gene causes embryonic lethality at embryonic day 9.5.[3][4] Specifically, Brpf1 regulates placenta vascular formation, neural tube closure, primitive hematopoiesis and embryonic fibroblast proliferation.[3][4]

For the central nervous system, Brpf1 has high expression and is essential for the development of several important structures, including neocortex and dentate gyrus in the hippocampus.[3] Brpf1 is dynamically expressed during forebrain development, especially the hippocampal neurogenesis.[5] Brpf1 shares phenotypes with transcription factors Sox2, Tlx and Tbr2 in dentate gyrus development and has potential link to neural stem cells and progenitors.[5] Except for the forebrain, Brpf1 is also required for the proper patterning of the craniofacial cartilage, which is derived from neural crest cells that migrate from the hindbrain.[8]

Cancer development

Recently, Brpf1 was reported to play the tumor suppressor or oncogenic role in several malignant tumors, including leukemia, medulloblastoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma.[2][9][10][11] Brpf1 was considered a tumor suppressor gene because mutations in cancer cells appear to diminish the function of Brpf1[9][10] However, oncogenic role of Brpf1 is also possible in cancer. For example, Brpf1 can form a stable complex with Moz-Tif2, which could lead to the development of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML).[11] There is another Brpf1 related complex Brpf1–Ing5–Eaf6, which also plays a direct role in cancer.[2]

See also

References
  1. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  2. Yang XJ (2015). "MOZ and MORF acetyltransferases: Molecular interaction, animal development and human disease". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1853 (8): 1818–26. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.04.014. PMID 25920810.
  3. You L, Chen L, Penney J, Miao D, Yang XJ (2014). "Expression atlas of the multivalent epigenetic regulator Brpf1 and its requirement for survival of mouse embryos". Epigenetics. 9 (6): 860–72. doi:10.4161/epi.28530. PMC 4065184. PMID 24646517.
  4. You L, Yan K, Zou J, Zhao H, Bertos NR, Park M, Wang E, Yang XJ (2015). "The chromatin regulator Brpf1 regulates embryo development and cell proliferation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 290 (18): 11349–64. doi:10.1074/jbc.M115.643189. PMC 4416840. PMID 25773539.
  5. You L, Yan K, Zou J, Zhou J, Zhao H, Bertos NR, Park M, Wang E, Yang XJ (2015). "The lysine acetyltransferase activator Brpf1 governs dentate gyrus development through neural stem cells and progenitors". PLOS Genetics. 11 (3): e1005034. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005034. PMC 4355587. PMID 25757017.
  6. Laue K, Daujat S, Crump JG, Plaster N, Roehl HH, Kimmel CB, Schneider R, Hammerschmidt M (2008). "The multidomain protein Brpf1 binds histones and is required for Hox gene expression and segmental identity". Development. 135 (11): 1935–46. doi:10.1242/dev.017160. PMC 2919486. PMID 18469222.
  7. Hibiya K, Katsumoto T, Kondo T, Kitabayashi I, Kudo A (2009). "Brpf1, a subunit of the MOZ histone acetyl transferase complex, maintains expression of anterior and posterior Hox genes for proper patterning of craniofacial and caudal skeletons". Developmental Biology. 329 (2): 176–90. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.02.021. PMID 19254709.
  8. Yan K, You L, Degerny C, Ghorbani M, Liu X, Chen L, Li L, Miao D, Yang XJ (2016). "The Chromatin Regulator BRPF3 Preferentially Activates the HBO1 Acetyltransferase but Is Dispensable for Mouse Development and Survival". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 291 (6): 2647–63. doi:10.1074/jbc.M115.703041. PMC 4742735. PMID 26677226.
  9. Kool M, Jones DT, Jäger N, Northcott PA, Pugh TJ, Hovestadt V, et al. (2014). "Genome sequencing of SHH medulloblastoma predicts genotype-related response to smoothened inhibition". Cancer Cell. 25 (3): 393–405. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.004. PMC 4493053. PMID 24651015.
  10. Huether R, Dong L, Chen X, Wu G, Parker M, Wei L, et al. (2014). "The landscape of somatic mutations in epigenetic regulators across 1,000 paediatric cancer genomes". Nature Communications. 5: 3630. doi:10.1038/ncomms4630. PMC 4119022. PMID 24710217.
  11. Shima H, Yamagata K, Aikawa Y, Shino M, Koseki H, Shimada H, Kitabayashi I (2014). "Bromodomain-PHD finger protein 1 is critical for leukemogenesis associated with MOZ-TIF2 fusion". International Journal of Hematology. 99 (1): 21–31. doi:10.1007/s12185-013-1466-x. PMID 24258712. S2CID 207400403.

Further reading
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