Brahmarakshasa

Brahmarakshasas (Sanskrit: ब्रह्मराक्षस)[1][2] are fierce demon spirits in Hindu mythology.

For other uses, see Brahmarakshasa (disambiguation).
Brahmarakshasa sculpture from Maharashtra

Explanation

A Brahma Rakshasa is actually the spirit of a Brahmin, a dead scholar of high birth, who has done evil things in his life or has misused his knowledge, who has to suffer as a Brahma Rakshasa after his or her death. The earth-bound duties of such a scholar would be to disperse or impart knowledge to good students. If he did not do so, he would turn into a Brahma Rakshasa after death which is a very fierce demonic spirit.[3][4] The word Brahma means Brahmin and Rakshasa, a demon. As per ancient Hindu texts they are powerful demon spirit, who have lot of powers and only few in this world can fight and over-come them or give them salvation from this form of life. It would still retain its high level of learning. But it would eat human beings.[3] They have the knowledge of their past lives and vedas and puranas. In other words, they have qualities of both Brahmin and Rakshasa.

In Hindu legends

It is said that the 7th century Sanskrit poet Mayurbhatta, who composed the noted Surya Sataka (one hundred verses in praise of Lord Surya) was troubled by Brahmarakshasha. He was doing penance at famous Deo Sun Temple located at Aurangabad district of Bihar. Brahmarakshas was living in the Peepal tree under which Mayurbhatta was doing penance and creating the verses. It was repeating the verses pronounced by Mayurbhatta, disturbing him. In order to defeat him Mayurbhatta started to pronounce words through nose. Since Brahmarakshasas or other spirits do not have a nose it was defeated and left the tree, which immediately turned dry. After the spirit left Mayurbhatta could peacefully create the hundred verses in praise of Surya, which cured him of leprosy.[5]

In stories

Brahma-Rakshas were a regular feature in old Indian stories like Simhasana Dvatrimsika,[6] Panchatantra[7][8] and other old wives tales.[3] As per these stories, Brahma-Rakshas, were powerful enough also to grant any boon, money, gold, if they became pleased with any person. In most of the stories, they are depicted as huge, mean and fierce looking having two horns on head like a Rakshas and a Choti like a Brahmin and usually found hanging upside down on a tree. Also a Brahma Rakshas would sometimes eat human beings in stories.

Temples

In many Hindu temples, especially in Central India like Maharashtra[9] and South India like Kerala and Karnataka you can find idols of Brahm Rakshas in outer walls and are generally offered pooja, respects and an oil lamp is lit on regular basis in front of their idols.[9] There are many temples, where they are also worshiped as demi-gods, like in Malliyor Temple of Kottayam District of Kerala, it is customary to take permission from Brahma Rakshas before commencing the construction activities.[10] Further, at Thirunakkara Shiva Temple also in Kottayam in Kerala, there is a separate temple for Brahm Rakshasa. There is an interesting story about why the Brahma Rakshas temple was built here. One person called Moose was a great friend of the king. The king was not known for his beauty but his friend Moose, was very handsome. The queen fell in love with this friend knowing which the king ordered his servants to kill Moose. Instead of killing him the king’s servants killed the junior priest of the temple (keezh Santhi). The wife of the priest became a Brahma Rakshas and started troubling every body. So the king built a temple for her. For a long time afterward women did not prefer to enter this temple.[11] Further, it is said that at Madikeri the Omkareshwar Shiva temple was built by king to ward of evil caused by Brahm-Rakshasa.[12] At Shringeri, the Malayala Brahma Temple is of a Brahma-Raskshas.[13] Similarly, there is separate temple for Brahma Raksha within complex of famous Kandiyoor Shiva Temple near Mavelikkara.In Njarakkal in Kerala there is an 800-year-old Bhagavathi temple where the other temples include Shiva, Nagaraja, and Sree Brahmarakshas.[14] [15] In Palakkad district of Kerala at mundakottukursi near Shornur, a Mana ( meaning the family house of the Namboodri Kerala Brahmins) called "Akathekunnath Mana" where people worship Brahmaraksha and do some vazhipadu or rites to get rid of haunting and troubles created by the spirit of Brahmaraksha. In Udupi of Karnataka, there are many temples to rid possession or troubles from a Brahmarakshasa. One such temple is Maranakatte.

In art

There are different plays like Kaisika Natakam in South India where artist play role of Brahm-Rakshas.[16]

In Jainism

There are mentions of Brahma-Rakshas in Jainism in their scripts and stories.[17][18]

In Southeast Asia

In countries like Thailand, Cambodia, and Java, whose culture had a lot of influence from Hinduism, there are little shrines elevated on poles. These are erected in the neighborhood of every house in veneration of nature spirits. These spirits were identified in early times with Hindu deities or Sanskrit names like Brahmarakshsa, Sri Shikeshwara (Shiva), Sri Champeshwara (Krishna) and others.[19]

In 2014, Vikram Bhatt made India's first 3D creature horror film entitled Creature 3D in which the creature or demon is a Brahmarakshas - a mutant from Indian mythology.[20] However, his demon, who is a Brahma Rakshas, will not be a copy of its ancient idol in order to avoid hurting any religious sentiments.[9] Due to this, Vikram Bhatt came up with his own imaginative take on the creature by using special effects in this film. In the film the Brahmarakshasha is depicted as a 10-feet tall animal like creature, which has a swishing tail, carnivorous teeth and nails. It is in the same league as the Yeti.[20]

In July 2016, Zee TV announced the weekly horror based television series titled Brahmarakshasha—the story of a resurrected Satan.

References
  1. Brahma-rākshas A dictionary, Hindustani and English By Duncan Forbes
  2. The journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay, 1946.
  3. What is a Brahm-Rakshas? Archived December 29, 2010, at the Wayback Machine A VERY OLD STORY ABOUT LATERAL THINKING
  4. Brahman who was proved troublesome after death is known as Brahma Rakshasa. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Volume 9, Part 1. Year 1901
  5. Saran, Anirudha Behari; Pandey, Gaya (1992). Sun Worship in India: A Study of Deo Sun-Shrine By Anirudha Behari Saran, Gaya Pandey. p. 46. ISBN 9788172110307. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
  6. Brahma-Rakshas in stories of Vikramaditya Stories of Vikramaditya: Simhasana dwatrimsika:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1963.
  7. Panchatantra Tales - Greedy Brahma Rakshas And The Thief - Kids Animation Stories
  8. Brahma Rakshas in Indian stories Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, Volume 8,By Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
  9. "Vikram Bhatts Brahma Rakshas will not be a replica of an ancient Idol" (Page 3 Bollywood). 12 August 2014. Archived from the original on 7 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
  10. The deity of Brahma Rakshas is located on the southern side of the temple facing the east. It is customary to take permission from Brahma Rakshas before commencing the construction activities. Archived March 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine The Malliyoor Sree MahaGanapathy Temple in Kottayam district, Kerala
  11. Besides these there is a separate temple for Vadakkunathan, Subrahmanya, Durga and Brahma Rakshas. There is an interesting story about the Brahma Rakshas. Thirunakkara Shiva Temple
  12. Madikeri
  13. "Legendary stories related to this temple tells that one of the Malayala Brahmana Scholar got a curse and became a Brahma Rakshas for not sharing his knowledge with others. Sage Vidyaranya asked him to serve as a Kshetra Palaka to come out from the curse he got". Archived from the original on 2011-09-17. Retrieved 2011-03-31.
  15. Brahma Rakshas and Parabrahma
  16. Gopi, an amateur artiste working as a Junior Assistant at Sastra University, Thanjavur, played the powerful role of the Brahma Rakshasa with ease. While the entire portrayal was exemplary, it was the last scene – where he pleads with Nampaduvan to relieve him from the curse of his previous birth and to help attain moksham – that brought tears to the eyes of the devotees and won him an ovation. Archived August 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  19. Eliot, Sir Charles (1962). Hinduism and Buddhism: An Historical Sketch (Complete) By Sir Charles Eliot. ISBN 9781465511348. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
  20. "Bipasha Basu starrer 'Creature' is a Brahmarakshas!" (Times of India). Times of India. 3 March 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
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