Botrylloides

Botrylloides is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.

Botrylloides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Subphylum:
Tunicata
Class:
Ascidiacea
Order:
Stolidobranchia
Family:
Styelidae
Genus:
Botrylloides

Milne-Edwards, 1841[1]

Description

Like Botryllus, Botrylloides are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or slow-moving object in saltwater. Also both are considered to be invasive Ascidians, found in many ports around the world. Invasive tunicates such as these, Didemnum sp., and Styela clava are a problem for shellfish and other marine life populations, and cause fouling of boats and piers.

Species within the genus Botrylloides include:[1]

  • Botrylloides anceps (Herdman, 1891)
  • Botrylloides aureum (Sars, 1851)
  • Botrylloides chevalense Herdman, 1906
  • Botrylloides diegensis Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
  • Botrylloides fuscus Saito & Watanabe, 1985
  • Botrylloides giganteum (PÈrËs, 1949)
  • Botrylloides israeliense Brunetti, 2009
  • Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides lenis Saito & Watanabe, 1985
  • Botrylloides lentus Saito & Watanabe, 1985
  • Botrylloides magnicoecum (Hartmeyer, 1912)
  • Botrylloides nigrum Herdman, 1886
  • Botrylloides perspicuus (Herdman, 1886)
  • Botrylloides pizoni Brunetti & Mastrototaro, 2012
  • Botrylloides saccus Kott, 2003
  • Botrylloides simodensis Saito & Watanabe, 1981
  • Botrylloides superbum (Drasche, 1883)
  • Botrylloides tyreum Herdman, 1886
  • Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927

Species names currently considered to be synonyms:

  • Botrylloides albicans Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides aurantium Oka, 1927: synonym of Botryllus aurantius (Oka, 1927)
  • Botrylloides aurea Sars, 1851: synonym of Botrylloides aureum (Sars, 1851)
  • Botrylloides boloniense Giard, 1875: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides carnosum Oka, 1927: synonym of Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927
  • Botrylloides chazaliei Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Botrylloides nigrum Herdman, 1886
  • Botrylloides clavelina Giard, 1872: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides cyanescens Giard, 1888: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides diegense Ritter & Forsyth, 1917: synonym of Botrylloides diegensis Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
  • Botrylloides eligulatum Beniaminson, 1975: synonym of Botryllus tuberatus Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
  • Botrylloides fulgurale Herdman, 1886: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides gregalis Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Botryllus gregalis (Sluiter, 1898)
  • Botrylloides insigne Giard, 1872: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides lateritium Beniaminson, 1975: synonym of Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927
  • Botrylloides leachi (Savigny, 1816): synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides leptum Herdman, 1899: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides maeandrium Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Botryllus maeandrius (Sluiter, 1898)
  • Botrylloides maeandrius Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Botryllus maeandrius (Sluiter, 1898)
  • Botrylloides magnicoecus Hartmeyer, 1912: synonym of Botrylloides magnicoecum (Hartmeyer, 1912)
  • Botrylloides magnum (Ritter, 1901): synonym of Botryllus magnus Ritter, 1901
  • Botrylloides magnus : synonym of Botryllus magnus Ritter, 1901
  • Botrylloides meandrinum Sluiter: synonym of Botryllus maeandrius (Sluiter, 1898)
  • Botrylloides namei (Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928): synonym of Botryllus planus (Van Name, 1902)
  • Botrylloides niger Herdman, 1886: synonym of Botrylloides nigrum Herdman, 1886
  • Botrylloides parvulum Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides parvulus Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides perspicuum Herdman, 1886: synonym of Botrylloides perspicuus (Herdman, 1886)
  • Botrylloides planus : synonym of Botryllus planus (Van Name, 1902)
  • Botrylloides prostratum Giard, 1872: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides purpureum Herdman, 1886: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides pusilla Alder, 1863: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides radiata Alder & Hancock, 1848: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides ramulosa Alder & Hancock, 1848: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides rotifera Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides rubrum Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides rugosum Gottschaldt, 1894: synonym of Botrylloides aureum (Sars, 1851)
  • Botrylloides sparsa Alder, 1863: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides translucidum Hartmeyer, 1912: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides vinosa Alder & Hancock, 1912: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
  • Botrylloides violaceum Oka, 1927: synonym of Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927

References
  1. Sanamyan, K. (2015). Botrylloides Milne Edwards, 1841 . In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23
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