Bosnian endemic quarry mammals

Bosnian endemic quarry mammals includes several taxa of endemic Bosnian fauna with specific morphological and anatomical characteristics, whose differentiation is still expected final verification. Namely, the local populations of some of these endemic species do not have clear biosystematic status, and consider alternative species, subspecies, varieties or populations of distinctive genetic structure.[1]

Features of Bosnian endemic quarry mammals:

Species Subspecies Description
Roe
Capreolus capreolus (L.)		 Balkanian roe – C. capreolus grandis Bolkay, 1925[2][3][4]
  • Roe eyes are very large and black; below them are barely noticed the rest of stunted tear areas.
  • The ears are relatively long and slightly tapered at the ends.
  • The nose is rounded, lips black with thickened rhinarium.
  • The legs are slender and thin, with black pointed hooves.
  • Roe tail is black and inconspicuous.
  • The body length (from the nose to the end of the fuselage) is about 130-140 cm and a maximum height of back: 70-75 cm.
  • The largest specimens reach a weight up to 35 kg (usually 25-30 kg), a capital of up to 40 kg.
  • In the summer roet is reddish-brown, in winter chestnut-gray.
  • Buttocks covered with white hairs that form the place. Fawns are brown, speckled with white spots that disappear in the first autumn shedding.
  • Females usually do not have horns, which are grawing up, but in August of the first year of life are declining, and alternate each year.
  • Roe inhabited Europe (except Iceland, Ireland, Scandinavia and the Mediterranean islands), and this subspecies worships in almost the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • This animal is timid, and sharpened senses. Out to pasture in the evening or early in the morning.
Chamois
Rupicapra rupicapra (L.)		 R. rupicapra balcanica Bolkay, 1925[5]
  • Chaimon body is strong, tight, with proportionally short legs, on which the black, elastic hooves.
  • The head has a timid appearance, and the nose is sharply drawn.
  • Individuals of both sexes have a constant - black, straight back and suddenly bent horns (with great spikes and smaller decorative and cross-annual vertebrae). In capital chamois and reach a length of over 30 cm.
  • In favorable habitat conditions, chamois grow in length up to 130 cm and height of 80 cm; tail is long and 10 cm.
  • Body mass ranges from 35 to 55 kg, rarely more.
  • The hair color is pale yellow to light brown, and in winter is much darker - brown to black. Face, chin and undertail areas are off-white. Around the ears, around the eyes - to mouth - extends black spot lines. Since mumps, across the ridge to the tail have dark-chestnut (almost black) line. On the back of the hair is much longer, especially during winter.
  • It has a very sharp senses, perhaps the sharpest of all big game. This is especially true in the sense of hearing and smell, but vision somewhat weaker.
  • It lives on high rugged mountains and mountain grasslands; summer goes up to the borders of snow and winter descends on the sites at lower altitude.
  • This subspecies ( the Bosnian population) is one of the largest in Europe.
Wild boar
Sus scrofa (L.)		 S. scrofa reiseri Bolkay, 1925[6]
  • The body is very strong, slightly flattened laterally, with markedly more developed front and upper part of the back, which is sharply down towards the tail (length 25-30 cm).
  • The head is large, narrow, laterally flattened and drawn into long powerful snout (proboscis).
  • Ears are short, pricked and covered with bristles.
  • Relatively small eyes are positioned high and fringed long lashes.
  • The biggest boars reach a length up to 2 m and a height of about 1 m.
  • Capital specimens can weigh up to 250 kg. Females are smaller, and their body weight does not exceed 150 kg.
  • It is very timid, with excellent developed senses of smell and hearing.
  • The body is covered with coarse, harsh hair, under which (especially in winter) thick woolly hair.
  • The color is variable: basically a dark gray, summer significantly lighter than in winter, when it is almost black. Cubs are yellowish-brown with two dark lateral stripes.
  • Bosnian boar is widespread throughout the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a tendency of increasing population.
Wolf
Canis lupus (L.)		 Bosnian wolf – C. lupus kurjak Bolkay, 1925[7]
  • Bosnian kurjak is the largest representative in dogs family: his body is strong, tight and muscular.
  • The front part of the body (especially the neck) was particularly strong, which is why he is apparently the front end higher than the rear.
  • The head is proportionally large, with big, always raised triangular ears.
  • The eyes are yellow, with vertical pupils.
  • It reaches a length of up to 140 cm (without the tail), and his tail is 40 cm long.
  • Body mass of larger individuals is up to 55 kg.
  • On the front legs has 4 and the last 5 fingers, where the strong, blunt, unretractable nails.
  • The hair color is variable, depending on the season and habitat conditions. The main colors are pale gray-yellow, with dark shades, and the hair is very dense and crisp.
  • Its heard his extraordinarily focused, especially the sense of sight and hearing.
  • The best preserved wolf population in the southwestern part of the European range, and Bosnian wolf population is numerous and in expansion.
Marten
Martes foina (Erxleben)		 Bosnian marten ("Samsar") – M. foina bosniaca Brass, 1911[8]
  • Bosnian marten is something smaller than minks; its length is up to 75 cm, 25 cm of which makes ornate tail. The high is about 20 cm.
  • Body mass is around 1.5 to 1.7 kg.
  • The hair color is adjusted to environmental conditions, and depends on the individual age. Predominantly gray-brown fur, making it slightly lighter than the beetle.
  • Below the neck and the chest has anger spot "samsar-area" (as it got popular name). The undercoat is thick and her lighter.
  • Plantar and fingertips are covered with hair.
  • Its muzzle is often brick-red (flesh-colored).
  • This (Bosnian) subspecies in almost the entire whole territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially in mountainous areas of Herzegovina karst.
  • The local habitat are deciduous and coniferous forests, karst garrigues and the surrounding area.
Brown bear
Ursus arctos (L.)		 Bosnian bear – U. arctos. bosniensis Bolkay, 1925[9]

[10][11]
  • The largest European continental carnivore: reaches a length of 230 cm, height of 130 cm and weight up to 300 kg. Usually they are smaller.
  • The body is strong and stocky, and the tail is short.
  • The head is oval, short and rounded ears, small eyes.
  • Its legs are relatively short and strong, with a large plantigrade soles and feet (18–25 cm long) strong claws.
  • The body is covered with a relatively long, curly hair color variable, which depends on the environment, season and age of the animal. Basically prevailing grim and dark brown - to completely dark shades.
  • Young bears have a sizable white crescent spot, which some retain a lifetime.
  • It is very timid and men is removed, but the bitter and aggressive defending.
  • It has a well-sharpened senses of sight, taste and smell.
  • Good runner, swimmer and climber.
  • In Europe is widespread, but in a discontinuous area - from Scandinavia, through Russia and the Carpathians to the Balkans and Iberian Peninsula .
  • Bosnia's population is one of the most numerous, and in the postwar period has registered its growing up.
  • The living space of this bear are large and dense mixed forests and populated areas to avoid.

[12]

References
  1. Sofradžija A., Muzaferović Š. (2007): Biodiverzitet sisara Bosne i Hercegovine – Katalog / Mammals biodiversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Catalog. INGEB, ISBN 978-9958-9344-4-5, Sarajevo.
  2. Sempéré, A. J.; Sokolov, V. E. & Danilkin, A. A. (1996). "Capreolus capreolus" (PDF). Mammalian Species (538): 1–9. doi:10.2307/3504309. JSTOR 3504309. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
  3. "Subspecies Sheet". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
  4. Sofradžija A.(1997): Bosanska srna (Capreolus capreolus grandis). Lovački list, 4:6.
  5. Sofradžija A.(1997): Bosanskohercegovačka divokoza (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica). Lovački list, 1:8.
  6. Sofradžija A.(1997): Bosanski vepar (Sus scrofa reiseri). Lovački list, 5:5.
  7. Sofradžija A.(1997): Bosanski vuk – kurjak (Canis lupus kurjak). Lovački list, 3:6-7.
  8. Sofradžija A.(1997): Bosanska kuna bjelica (Martes foina bosniaca). Lovački list, 6:5.
  9. "Subspecies Sheet". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
  10. "Kraniometrijske i biosistematske posebnosti populacije mrkog medvjeda (Ursus arctos L. 1758.) u Bosni i Hercegovini u odnosu na populaciju medvjeda sa Južnih Karpata u Rumuniji".
  11. Sofradžija A.(1997): Bosanski mrki medvjed (Ursus arctos bosnionesis). Lovački list, 2:6-7.
  12. Sofradžija A. (1999): Lovna divljač. Savez lovačkih organizacija Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo.
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