Bighorn Dam
Bighorn Dam (or Bighorn Hydro Plant) is a dam located in Clearwater County in west-central Alberta, Canada. It was built by Calgary Power in 1972, and led to the creation of Lake Abraham, Alberta's largest man-made lake.[2] The dam and associated hydroelectric plant are managed by TransAlta.
| Bighorn Dam | |
|---|---|
 A section of the Bighorn Dam | |
| Official name | Bighorn Dam |
| Location | Clearwater County, Alberta, Canada |
| Construction began | 1972 |
| Opening date | 1972 |
| Owner(s) | TransAlta |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Embankment Dam |
| Impounds | North Saskatchewan River |
| Height | 94m[1] |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Lake Abraham |
| Surface area | 53.7 km2 (20.7 sq mi) |
| Maximum length | 32 km (20 mi) |
| Maximum width | 3.3 km (2.1 mi) |
| Normal elevation | 1,340 m (4,400 ft) |
| Power Station | |
| Commission date | 1972 |
| Hydraulic head | 91 m (299 ft) (Max)[1] |
| Installed capacity | 120 MW[2] |
| Capacity factor | 38.8% |
| Annual generation | 408 GWh (1,470 TJ)[2] |
Planning of the dam involved no evaluation of the social and environmental effects it may have caused and no public hearings were held prior to the construction either. The construction of the Bighorn dam flooded the Kootenay Plains and stopped the livelihood (hunting and fur trapping) of the Bighorn Stoney Indigenous that had lived in that area. It had flooded their cabins, graves and pastures.[3]
The Bighorn Plant is the second largest hydro facility owned by TransAlta (the largest being Brazeau Dam), with a capacity of 120 megawatts (MW). However, it has an available water supply that allows it to be the largest producer of hydroelectric electricity in Alberta, with an average of 408,000 megawatt hours (MW⋅h) each year.[2]
The plant is one of two TransAlta hydroelectric plants on the North Saskatchewan River System in Alberta.
The Bighorn embankment dam was built in 1972 in the mountain gap at Windy Point, in the Front Ranges of the Canadian Rockies, west of the confluence of the North Saskatchewan River and the Bighorn River.
Climate
| Climate data for Bighorn Dam | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) |
15.5 (59.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
25.0 (77.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.0 (91.4) |
31.1 (88.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
16.5 (61.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
33.3 (91.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −1.1 (30.0) |
1.0 (33.8) |
4.3 (39.7) |
9.3 (48.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
18.0 (64.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.7 (69.3) |
15.7 (60.3) |
9.9 (49.8) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
9.5 (49.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.2 (19.0) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
14.2 (57.6) |
13.5 (56.3) |
8.6 (47.5) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
3.0 (37.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −13.2 (8.2) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
6.2 (43.2) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−8.6 (16.5) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −44.5 (−48.1) |
−43.5 (−46.3) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
−21.0 (−5.8) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−30.5 (−22.9) |
−38.0 (−36.4) |
−40.0 (−40.0) |
−44.5 (−48.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16.6 (0.65) |
12.8 (0.50) |
20.9 (0.82) |
31.3 (1.23) |
61.3 (2.41) |
83.7 (3.30) |
77.3 (3.04) |
74.1 (2.92) |
59.3 (2.33) |
32.1 (1.26) |
18.3 (0.72) |
15.4 (0.61) |
503.1 (19.81) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.6 (0.02) |
0.7 (0.03) |
2.1 (0.08) |
10.1 (0.40) |
47.7 (1.88) |
83.2 (3.28) |
77.3 (3.04) |
74.0 (2.91) |
48 (1.9) |
12.5 (0.49) |
1.9 (0.07) |
1.2 (0.05) |
359.1 (14.14) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 16.0 (6.3) |
12.5 (4.9) |
19.0 (7.5) |
21.3 (8.4) |
13.6 (5.4) |
0.6 (0.2) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.0) |
11.3 (4.4) |
19.7 (7.8) |
16.4 (6.5) |
14.2 (5.6) |
144.5 (56.9) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 7.3 | 5.7 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 11.8 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 14.5 | 11.3 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 112.0 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 9.5 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 14.4 | 10.0 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 68.8 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 7.2 | 5.5 | 7.4 | 5.5 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 44.2 |
| Source 1: Environment Canada[4] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Precipitation Days Only[5] | |||||||||||||
References
- "Bighorn Dam Safety Review". canprojects.com. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
- "Bighorn". www.transalta.com. Retrieved 2017-12-26.
- Ross, Thomas E. (2019-04-10). A Cultural Geography Of North American Indians. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-71275-3.
- "Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010". Environment Canada. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- "Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000". Environment Canada. Retrieved January 23, 2012.