Bethel Church (Redding, California)

Bethel Church is an American non-denominational charismatic megachurch in Redding, California with over 11,000 members.[2] The church was established in 1952 and is currently led by Bill Johnson. Bethel has its own music labels and Bethel Music and Jesus Culture ministries, which have gained large popularity within contemporary worship music. The church runs the Bethel School of Supernatural Ministry with over 2,000 students annually. Senior church leaders have been supporters of conservative politics.[3]

Bethel Church
LocationRedding, California
CountryUnited States
DenominationNondenominational charismatic, Pentecostal
Previous denominationAssemblies of God
Membership11,233 (2019)[1]
Weekly attendance8,684 (2016)[2]
Websitewww.bethel.com
History
Founded1952
Clergy
Senior pastor(s)Bill Johnson
Pastor(s)
  • Eric Johnson
  • Danny Silk
  • Kris Vallotton

Senior leaders
  • Bill and Beni Johnson – senior leaders[4]
  • Kris and Kathy Vallotton – senior associate leaders[4]
  • Eric and Candace Johnson – senior pastors of Bethel Redding[4]

Beliefs and practices

Bethel Church focuses on miracles. They teach that all miracles described in the Bible can be performed by believers today and happen regularly, including faith healing of everything from curing cancer to regrowing limbs, raising the dead, speaking in tongues, casting out demons and prophecy.[5][2][6] Their services may have congregants laughing uncontrollably, lying on the floor,[7] shaking, staggering, screaming,[5] and dancing, which they teach are signs of being filled with the Holy Spirit. Leaders claim to have witnessed angels appearing and "balls of electricity" that throw people into the air.[5]

One of the most well-known phenomena is a cloud of what is claimed to be gold dust or gold glitter that has been seen falling from the roof of the auditorium.[5] The church has uploaded videos of it to their YouTube channel and calls it a "glory cloud".[8]

Many, like Gary Hal Graff [9] feel that Bethel-produced book, The Physics of Heaven, is out of line with the teachings of scripture.[9] One Bethel leader (Kris Vallotton) says it is "a foretaste of things to come".[10] The book also states, "It wasn't that I wanted to become a New Ager. I just wanted to find out if maybe they had discovered some truths the churches hadn't." [11]

Senior pastor Bill Johnson is referred to as an apostle by his followers.[5][12] Some, including sociology professor Brad Christerson at Biola University and Richard Flory, a sociologist at the University of Southern California, have identified the church and Johnson as part of the New Apostolic Reformation (NAR), or Independent Network Charismatic Christianity.[12][5] The NAR is an evangelical movement that seeks to take over "seven mountains of culture", including business, government, and media, to prompt the return of Jesus.[13] Bill Johnson himself however, has stated in an interview with Christianity Today that the church has no official ties with the movement, and that he is "not completely clear on what it is."[2]

History

Robert Doherty began the church in 1952 and the congregation was an affiliate of the Assemblies of God beginning in 1954.[2] In February 1996, the congregation invited Bill Johnson from Weaverville, California, to lead the church. Johnson, the son of former pastor Earl Johnson, only had one stipulation before he was voted in: that the message would always be about revival, with an emphasis on God's supernatural presence,[14][2] which the leadership unanimously approved.[14] One year prior to joining Bethel in 1995, Johnson visited the revival meetings of the Toronto Blessing were he made the promise to God that he would make "the outpouring of the Holy Spirit" the sole purpose of his existence, a focus which he brought to Bethel Church.[15] The church lost 1,000 members over Johnson's vision after he joined, but has since seen considerable growth. Bethel had 8,684 attendees a week as of 2016,[2] and 11,233 people who "call Bethel Redding home" as of their annual report in 2018.[1]

In November 2005, the membership of Bethel Church voted unanimously to withdraw the church's affiliation with the Assemblies of God and become a non-denominational church. However, the Assemblies of God's bylaws required Bethel to invite the leadership of the Northern California-Nevada District to speak to the congregation. On January 15, 2006, Bethel's membership voted to rescind the withdrawal and invited the district leadership to Redding. The district leadership met with the congregation on January 17, but the result was a near-unanimous vote to withdraw. In a letter, Johnson points out that this action was "...not a reaction to conflict but a response to a call... we feel called to create a network that helps other networks thrive – to be one of many ongoing catalysts in this continuing revival. Our call feels unique enough theologically and practically from the call on the Assemblies of God that this change is appropriate."[16]

Bethel Church gained national press coverage in December 2019 over a campaign to pray for the resurrection of a worship leader's deceased two-year-old daughter.[17][18] The mother, Kalley Heiligenthal, a recording artist with Bethel Music and worship leader at the church, posted to Instagram asking for her large social media following to pray that her daughter Olive Alayne would be raised from the dead. This spawned a global hashtag with thousands of posts.[19][18] The church hosted a prayer service for the cause, where the young adult pastor at Bethel led a prayer.[19] In a public statement, the church said that physical resurrection was possible in modern times[20] and in a video addressing critics, senior pastor Bill Johnson said that there was a biblical precedent for this belief,[19] and that Jesus commanded his disciples to raise the dead.[17] The prayer efforts concluded six days after the passing, when the church put out a press release that the family would transition towards a memorial service.[21][22] During the prayer efforts, a GoFundMe page was set up that raised over $74,500 as of January 2020.[23] Two researchers, Arlene Sánchez-Walsh, professor of religious studies at Azusa Pacific University,[18] and Richard Flory, senior director of research at the University of Southern California,[17] were quoted saying that these events were more common among African charismatics and Pentecostals, than their American counterparts,[17][18] with Sánchez-Walsh saying she was surprised by it.[18]

In 2020, during the coronavirus pandemic, Bethel Church closed their healing rooms and moved their healing operations of 700 people online.[24] The church also suspended faith healings at hospitals.[25] The church's official position was to follow the recommendations of health officials, and that "wisdom, modern medicine, and faith are meant to work together",[25] but the church simultaneously upheld their belief in God's ability to heal supernaturally.[24] Some in the church community held differing views. One longtime teacher of the Bethel School of Supernatural Ministry stated that "there is no way this thing can live in the presence of God", and "we declare no fear and we declare healing in Jesus' name."[24] Later in the year, the director of Bethel's healing rooms claimed that numerous people were healed from COVID-19 through the church's remote Zoom calls, alongside other claimed miracles, such as healing cancer, blindness, and waking people up from comas.[26] By October 2020, Shasta county had the highest COVID-19 case rate in California and Bethel School of Supernatural Ministry in Redding asked its entire 1,600-person student body to self-quarantine as the number of coronavirus cases among students and staff rose to 137 since classes started a month previously.[27]

Church ministries
College View is Bethel Redding's larger campus. Weekend services are held in the main sanctuary along with many conferences throughout the year. This campus is home to Bethel Healing Rooms, administrative offices, prayer chapel, HeBrews Coffee Shop and Bethel Bookstore.

Bethel Church has set up ministries in conjunction to the needs of its growing congregation within Redding, California.[28] These ministries span a range of different sections for public service, internal structure, and even products and brands. One of the more well known of these ministries is Bethel Music due to their popular music domestically and worldwide.[29]

Bethel School of Supernatural Ministry

In the fall of 1998, Bethel Church began Bethel School of Supernatural Ministry, under the direction of Kris Vallotton, Bethel's senior associate pastor. The school trains its students in the supernatural and miracles, such as faith healing, in order that they may become revivalists.[2][5] The normal program is one academic year and students have the opportunity to return for a second and third year. Approximately 15% of the students stay for the full three years.[30][2] The school was founded with 36 students,[2] and has grown to more than 2,400 students from over 70 countries in 2019.[31] They are an unaccredited program and do not offer a degree or credits but a certificate.[32] The school has gotten the nickname "Christian Hogwarts" among students because of its focus on the supernatural.[5][3]

BSSM now has more than 10,000 alumni. In 2016–17, an extensive survey on alumni was carried out by Eido Research by alumni of the program.[33] From a representative sample from all years of graduation since 1999, the survey found that 97% of graduates are still "confident in their faith", and that 90% attend a church service at least monthly. Likewise, graduates reported seeing at least 35,000 salvations since 1999, and 50,000 physical healings over the previous year.[34] The report also showed that BSSM graduates have a divorce rate that is four times lower than the American Christian average.[34]

Student activities in Redding

As a part of the student's education, they get assignments, such as to find strangers in Redding to heal. News articles report that students seek out people in wheelchairs and crutches to pray for in grocery stores and parking lots.[2][5] Reportedly, the students are banned from prophesying to tourists around the Sundial Bridge after incidents[5] and they have similarly been kicked out of local stores.[2] Another regular practice is "treasure hunts", where they believe God gives them clues that match people they are to find and attempt to heal or prophesy to.[5][35]

2008 lawsuit over attempted faith healing

In 2008 a man fell down a 200-foot (61 m) cliff in Redding after drinking with a group at the top. The two others that were with him, including one student at the Bethel School of Supernatural Ministry, believed he was dead and tried to find him for six hours in order to raise him back to life, rather than calling 9-1-1. The man survived, but was paralyzed from the fall, and later unsuccessfully sued the student in the group.[36] The incident is often brought up as a criticism of the church's teachings, which includes that believers may raise people from the dead with prayer.[5][37]

Grave soaking

The school garnered criticism for a practice among some students termed "grave soaking", where they would lay on the graves of deceased revivalists in the belief that they would absorb the deceased's anointing from God. The school would visit such graves for inspiration and prayer, and there the practice developed among students from an interpretation of the Biblical story of the prophet Elisha. In the Bible, a dead man was put in the grave of Elisha, and when the man's corpse touched the dead bones of Elisha, he was revived.[38] This was interpreted to mean that the same power, or anointing, laid in the graves of later revivalists, and thus the students sought it by laying on their graves. The leadership of the church never endorsed the practice, but did not immediately shut it down.[39][2] In an interview, one of their leaders, Banning Liebscher, stated that Bill Johnson and the rest of the leadership responded in this way because Johnson "doesn't want to shut down those that are really seeking and those that are really trying to press in for more of God". At the same time, Liebscher said it was possible that revivalist's graves had the same anointing, but called the practice "weird". He further stated that he believed the criticism the church got over this, and other practices such as students attempting to walk through walls, actually stemmed from disagreements on charismatic theology.[39]

Some critics allege that Bethel leaders, including senior pastor Beni Johnson, have in fact practiced and promoted grave soaking.[2] Beni Johnson posted photos to Twitter and Instagram of herself laying atop of or hugging the graves of Christians such as C.S. Lewis. The posts were later removed. Among these critics are The Gospel Coalition and Baptist apologetics blog Pulpit & Pen.[40][41]

Bethel Music
Main article: Bethel Music
A worship service at Bethel Church

Bethel Music is an American record label and publishing company associated with Bethel Church, led by Bill Johnson's son Brian Johnson.[42] Their music was among the most played contemporary worship music in American churches in 2019[43][44] and their albums have reached the Billboard 200 multiple times.[45][2] Bethel Music have many songs with tens of millions of views on YouTube, and two with over 100 million views as 2019.[46] The live performances of their songs are characterized by their extended duration with much repetition and emotion.[5]

Jesus Culture
Main article: Jesus Culture

Bethel Church is responsible for the formation of the Jesus Culture youth outreach ministry. Jesus Culture Ministry hosts conferences and operates a record label, Jesus Culture Music, to share its message and spread worship. They remain committed to Bethel Church, but were sent out by Bethel in 2012 to plant a church in Sacramento, California.[47][48]

CHANGED Movement

The CHANGED Movement is an organization started by Bethel pastors Elizabeth Woning and Ken Williams in 2019 for people who "once identified as LGBTQ+ and through encounters with the love of Jesus, have experienced His freedom in their lives". Bethel does not financially support the organization but does pay the salaries of the pastors, promote it, and house the organization in the offices of another one of Bethel's ministries. In August 2019, the organization got attention when Bethel promoted CHANGED through a series of Instagram posts, which was criticized by The Trevor Project and Q Christian Fellowship, among others. As a response to this criticism, Bethel Church said that "The message of CHANGED has never been ‘All Must Change’" and "For those of you who feel fulfilled and happy as you are, we love you!".[49][50]

CHANGED uses the term "once gay", and some have noted similarities with the ex-gay movement. CHANGED's slogan is "Changed Is Possible", whereas the now-defunct Exodus International had the slogan "Change is possible". The Bethel pastors behind CHANGED do not use the term "conversion therapy".[49][50]

Influence on Redding

Redding is a small city in California with 90,000 residents, and is among the state's poorest with a high unemployment rate and high crime rate. Bethel has grown to have over 10% of the population as members, including the mayor, who serves on the Board of Elders, and with this growth, the church's influence in the city has increased, with a mixed reception. The church has brought in many young people for the school that clean the streets and do pro bono work. Many of the students have stayed afterwards and some have started businesses. When the civic auditorium was about to close for financial reasons in 2011, the church started leasing it and put in $1 million for repairs, and now use it for their Supernatural school on weekdays, while still letting it host the usual events on weekends. Bethel donated $500,000 to the city of Redding's police in April 2017, and later led a campaign to raise $740,000 to fund the salary of four police officers.[2][5][3] In 2018, a direct flight from Redding to Los Angeles was opened, and Bethel Church used their business relationship with the airline as leverage and committed $450,000 to a revenue guarantee fund needed to operate the line.[51]

However, some Redding residents are worried by the influence Bethel church has on the city. One of their main worries is the belief held by Bethel, the Seven Mountains Mandate, that Christians must influence seven "mountains", including government, media, business and education, in order for Jesus to return to earth.[2][5][3] One such alleged instance of influence was the donation to the police force. The offer to donate caused controversy as some in the community thought the church was trying to pay off the city for future building permits, an assertion Pastor Kris Vallotton refuted at a city council meeting. The city ultimately voted to receive the donation.[52] Seven months after receiving the donation, Redding City Council unanimously approved a $96 million new Bethel campus, despite dozens of formally submitted citizen concerns. The city councilperson who is a member of Bethel recused herself from voting.[53] Another instance was when they advertised a seminar for public and private school teachers that mentioned "God wants to come to your school with His presence, His peace and His strategies". A group connected to the church later opened a public charter school, which, according to a teacher job ad, has a "Kingdom culture and all Bethel-connected Board of Directors and principal".[5]

Politics

Presidency of Donald Trump

In 2016, senior pastor Bill Johnson outlined why he voted for Donald Trump in a Facebook post, where he criticized abortion, open borders, the welfare system, same-sex marriage, socialism, political correctness, and globalization, all as contrary to God's will. His wife and senior pastor, Beni Johnson, has also supported Trump.[54]

The church has continued to be supportive of Trump during his presidency. Bethel Music leaders Brian Johnson, Jenn Johnson, and Sean Feucht were among the worship leaders who visited Trump in the Oval Office, where they prayed for him and sang worship music.[55]

During the impeachment process of President Trump, senior associate leader Kris Vallotton prophesied during a sermon, 10 days before the impeachment started, that God would end the process, stating "the Lord is gonna step into the impeachment process. I mean I know it's gonna happen". He went on to say that he believed God would give Trump another term. But according to Vallotton, this was "not about politics", rather it was a prophetic word. He claimed to have prophesied that Obama would win and that he on a biblical basis loved and prayed for Obama as he said Christians are called to do for their leaders.[56]

Bethel leaders Brian Johnson, Jenn Johnson, and Kris Vallotton were among the signers of the letter from evangelical leaders critical of Christianity Today's editorial that called for Trump to be removed from office.[57]

Opposition to restrictions on conversion therapy

In 2018, the church publicly opposed three bills in the California state legislature that would have restricted conversion therapy. The church, whose position is that "same-sex sexual behavior is unhealthful",[58] believed the bills would restrict their ministry. Their opposition included a released statement, letters to legislators and encouragement of congregants to contact legislators through a sermon titled "What Would Jesus Do In A PC World?" by Kris Vallotton and tweets, also by Vallotton, that specifically addressed those that had "come out of homosexuality".[3][59] Vallotton later retracted his sermon, but stood by his opposition.[3][58]

Sean Feucht for Congress

In September 2019, Bethel worship leader Sean Feucht announced he was running for Congress as a Republican on a socially conservative platform. His announcement video featured a Bethel Music song with the lyrics "We won't stop singing until the whole world looks like heaven".[60]

Media coverage

There have been many articles written about Bethel and their ministry, including in Christianity Today,[2] Buzzfeed News,[5] The Daily Beast, the Redding Record Searchlight,[30] and Charisma magazine.[61] The church and Bill Johnson have been featured in video segments by the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN)[62][63] and the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN).

References
  1. Pierce, Annelise (May 13, 2019). "The Really Big Business of Bethel Church, Part 1: Show us the Money!". aNewsCafe.com. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
  2. Wendell Jones, Martyn (April 26, 2016). "Inside the Popular, Controversial Bethel Church". Christianity Today. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
  3. Hitt, Tarpley (July 20, 2019). "The Mystical Megachurch Ruling Over Soccer Star Megan Rapinoe's Hometown". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
  4. "Leadership Archive | Bethel Church". www.bethel.com. Retrieved November 1, 2018.
  5. Hensley-Clancy, Molly (October 12, 2017). "Meet The "Young Saints" Of Bethel Who Go To College To Perform Miracles". Buzzfeed News. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
  6. Winters, Amanda (January 19, 2010). "Bethel's 'signs and wonders' include angel feathers, gold dust and diamonds". Record Searchlight. Archived from the original on April 16, 2010. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  7. Peck, Andy. "Bethel Church: Heaven on Earth?". Premier Christinaity. Retrieved March 5, 2020.
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  9. Bill Johnson, Bethel Church, and the NAR: A Balanced Observation and Study
  10. Introduction to The Physics of Heaven
  11. The Physics of Heaven
  12. Smietana, Bob (August 3, 2017). "The 'Prophets' and 'Apostles' Leading the Quiet Revolution in American Religion". Christianity Today. Retrieved March 2, 2020.
  13. "The Evangelicals Engaged In Spiritual Warfare". Fresh Air. August 19, 2011. NPR.
  14. Biography. Bill Johnson Ministries Archived May 12, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 12, 2017
  15. Johnson, Bill (May 24, 2010). When Heaven Invades Earth: A practical Guide to a Life of Miracles. Treasure House. p. 97. ISBN 1458750728.
  16. Johnson, Bill. Bethel and the Assemblies of God. Bethel Church, 2006
  17. Iati, Marisa (December 20, 2019). "After a toddler's death, a church has tried for days to resurrect her — with prayer". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  18. "'Come out of that grave in Jesus' name': California church prays to resurrect girl". NBC News. December 20, 2019. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
  19. Graham, Ruth (December 19, 2019). "In California, a Christian Megachurch Is Trying to Bring a 2-Year-Old Girl Back to Life". Slate. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
  20. Arthur, Damon (December 19, 2019). "UPDATE: Bethel pastor Johnson addresses attempts to resurrect child". Redding Record Searchlight. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
  21. Chapman, Mike (December 21, 2019). "'Olive hasn't been raised': After praying for miracle, girl's family now plans memorial". USA Today. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
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  24. Boorstein, Michelle (April 3, 2020). "Can faith healing work by phone? Charismatic Christians try prayer to combat the coronavirus". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 10, 2020.
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  26. Perry, Chuck (September 24, 2020). "Bethel Healing Rooms Director: 'We See Supernatural Healings From COVID-19'". Charisma Magazine. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
  27. SFGATE, Amy Graff (October 8, 2020). "This remote county has the highest COVID-19 case rate in Calif.: Here's why". SFGate. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
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  29. "Bethel Music". Billboard. Retrieved November 1, 2018.
  30. Winters, Amanda. Bethel burgeons under pastor's visions of prosperity. Record Searchlight, January 16, 2010
  31. Parke, Caleb (September 19, 2019). "Pastor Bill Johnson on the recipe for revival, how Bethel Church exploded onto the global scene". Fox News. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
  32. Structure. Retrieved October 21, 2017.
  33. "Bethel School of Supernatural Ministry Alumni". Retrieved April 26, 2019.
  34. Verbi, Samuel; Winkley, Ben. "The story of BSSM alumni" (PDF). Eido Research. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
  35. Rancano, Vanessa (June 20, 2019). "How Redding, California, Became An Unlikely Epicenter Of Modern Christian Culture". KPCC. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
  36. Sabalow, Ryan (December 13, 2011). "Ex-Bethel student not at fault in '08 fall; judge says woman not obligated to act". Record Searchlight. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
  37. Rossi, Richard (April 16, 2020). Canaan Land. p. 109. ISBN 979-8634762654. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  38. 2 Kings 13:21
  39. Justice, Jessilyn; Berglund, Taylor (2017). "Banning Liebscher: Why Bill Johnson Didn't Immediately Shut Down Grave Sucking". Charisma Magazine. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
  40. Tan, Stephen (September 20, 2018). "At What Price Awakening? Examining the Theology and Practice of the Bethel Movement". The Gospel Coalition. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  41. "Bethel Pastor Contradicts Bill Johnson's Narrative on the now Infamous practice of "Grave Sucking"". Pulpit & Pen. April 19, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  42. "About - Bethel Music". bethelmusic.com. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  43. Fowler, Megan (September 20, 2019). "Why Chris Tomlin Still Dominates Both Radio and Sunday Morning". Christianity Today. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
  44. "CCLI Top 100". Songselect by CCLI. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
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  47. "About Jesus Culture". Jesus Culture. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
  48. "Jesus Culture Sacramento". Jesus Culture. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
  49. Shimron, Yonat (September 12, 2019). "In some Christian circles, a new #oncegay movement makes a comeback". Religion News Service. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  50. Royster, Hayden (September 26, 2019). "Bethel Church's recent LGBT controversy: What's the real story?". The Christian Post. Archived from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  51. Benda, David (October 6, 2018). "The Buzz: United Airlines and the 'Bethel effect'". Record Searchlight. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
  52. Longoria, Sean (April 22, 2017). "Bethel, city officials defend $500,000 donation". Record Searchlight. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
  53. Redding council backs Bethel's new campus. Record Searchlight, December 6, 2017
  54. Lodge, Carey (November 10, 2016). "Bethel Church's Bill Johnson: Why I Voted For Trump". Christian Today. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
  55. Parke, Caleb (December 11, 2019). "Pastors, worship leaders pray for Trump in Oval Office amid impeachment fight". Fox News. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
  56. Blair, Leonardo (December 18, 2019). "God is going to end impeachment, give Trump another term, Bethel's Kris Vallotton prophesies". The Christian Post. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
  57. Barnhart, Melissa (December 22, 2019). "Nearly 200 evangelical leaders slam Christianity Today for questioning their Christian witness". The Christian Post. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
  58. Vallotton, Kris (April 27, 2018). "Redding's Bethel Church clarifies stance on LGBTQ+ proposed legislation". Record Searchlight. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  59. Sandhu, Amber (March 28, 2018). "Bethel comes out against LGBT bills pending in state Legislature". Record Searchlight. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  60. Parke, Caleb (September 30, 2019). "Worship leader runs for Congress in California: 'Morals are low, taxes are high'". Fox News. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
  61. Vallotton, Kris. Bethel Beliefs on Signs, Wonders and Miracles. Charisma Magazine, April 2016.
  62. Living a Life of Miracles. Christian Broadcasting Network, April 7, 2011
  63. Miracles Outside the Church Walls. Christian Broadcasting Network, April 7, 2011

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