Ben Rich

Benjamin Robert Rich (June 18, 1925 – January 5, 1995) was an American engineer and the second Director of Lockheed's Skunk Works from 1975 to 1991, succeeding its founder, Kelly Johnson. Regarded as the "father of stealth",[1] Rich was responsible for leading the development of the F-117, the first production stealth aircraft. He also worked on the F-104, U-2, A-12, SR-71, and F-22, among others.

This article is about the Lockheed Skunk Works Director. For the missionary and spokesman for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, see Ben E. Rich. For the BBC Weather forecaster, see Ben Rich (weather forecaster).
Ben Rich
Born
Benjamin Robert Rich

June 18, 1925
Manila, Philippines
DiedJanuary 5, 1995(1995-01-05) (aged 69)
Ventura, California, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
EducationUCLA, UC Berkeley
Harvard Business School
Known forRegarded as the "Father of stealth"

Early in life

Rich was born in Manila in the Philippines. He was one of five children of British lumber mill superintendent Isidore Rich and his French wife, Annie, the daughter of one of his paternal grandfather's Jewish customers who lived in Alexandria, Egypt. The Rich family was one of the first Jewish families to settle in Manila. Having fled the Philippines just weeks before the Empire of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, they moved to the United States in 1942, where Rich became a naturalized US citizen. He worked (with his father) in a Los Angeles, California, machine shop during World War II, and studied at the city's Hamilton High School. After the war he started his college education when he was 21, majoring in mechanical engineering at UC Berkeley, followed by a master's degree in aeronautical engineering at UCLA, instead of in the medical field as he originally planned.[2] He would later complete the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School.[3]

Career

Lockheed

Upon graduation Rich was hired by Lockheed as a thermodynamicist. There he worked on a variety of projects - he was awarded a patent for designing a nichrome heating system which prevented Navy patrol plane crew members' penises from freezing to their urine elimination pipes. He designed inlet ducts for the F-104 Starfighter, the C-130 transport aircraft, and the F-90 fighter.

The Skunk Works

In December 1954 Rich was transferred to the Skunk Works, the secret research and development section run by Lockheed's Chief Engineer, Clarence "Kelly" Johnson. There he designed the inlet ducts for the U-2 spy plane, then next led the effort to design and build a large-scale hydrogen liquefaction plant for project Suntan, a proposed hydrogen-powered supersonic very high-altitude aircraft meant to replace the U-2. After Suntan was canceled, hydrogen proving to be impractical for a number of reasons, Rich became propulsion systems program manager for the U-2's successors, the A-12 and the SR-71 Blackbird. Rich was chief aerodynamicist for the projects, designer of the complex translating shock cones inlet design, air conditioning and heat management systems, and the specification of the aircraft's black skin coatings which optimized heat dissipation of their tremendous aerodynamic heating as well as incorporating materials to reduce radar signature – the aircraft incorporated a number of features of what would later be referred to as low observables or stealth technology.

When SR-71 crews became upset that engineers were not putting enough effort into solving a constant problem with violent engine unstarts in flight, Rich considered taking a flight in the SR-71 to experience the phenomenon himself, which included having to go through the same flight physical as pilots. He did not go through with the flight. He did, however, eventually manage the problem by installing automatic controllers to keep the aircraft in control during unstarts.

He briefly worked on a program that used ionizing radiation to help absorb radar coming from ahead of the aircraft. The radiation proved to be excessive and the test pilot disliked the heavy radiation shielding he was forced to wear. The project was cancelled when the military decided the radar signature was already low enough without the ionizing equipment. The concept was proven to work, but unfeasible.[4]

Later, as Johnson's successor as leader of the Skunk Works, Rich championed and directed the early experimental prototypes of stealth technology and led the development of the F-117 stealth fighter.

He is the author of Skunk Works: A Personal Memoir of My Years at Lockheed. [5]

Awards

A member of the National Academy of Engineering, he won numerous awards during his career, including the Collier Trophy. In 2005 he was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame. In January 1981, he received the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service for his work on the then-still-classified stealth airplane, in a secret ceremony in the office of then-Secretary of Defense Harold Brown.[6] He was allowed to show the medal to his two children, Karen and Michael, but was not allowed to tell them why he had received it.[7]

Personal life

In 1950, Rich married Faye Mayer, a fashion model, who died in 1980. In 1982, Rich married Hilda Elliot. His son, Michael, is the president and CEO of RAND Corporation and his daughter, Karen, is a botanist.

Death

Rich died of esophageal cancer in Ventura, California, on January 5, 1995.

Selected aircraft
  • F-104 Starfighter. Single-engine, high-performance, supersonic interceptor aircraft.
  • XF-90. Experimental fighter / bomber escort aircraft.
  • U-2 "Dragon Lady". Reconnaissance aircraft. A high altitude jet aircraft used by the CIA and the US Air Force during the cold war.
  • SR-71 "Blackbird". An advanced, long-range, Mach 3.2 strategic reconnaissance aircraft. The Blackbird was designed to provide reconnaissance in defended airspace while improving aircrew survivability. In the Blackbird, mission success and survivability depended on aircraft speed. Ben Rich was responsible for engineering the spikes and engine inlet systems which made the Blackbirds the fastest jet aircraft in the world.
  • F-117 Nighthawk. World's first production stealth aircraft.
  • YF-22, prototype of the F-22 Raptor.

References
  1. Congressional Record--Senate, January 17, 1995, page S962 (Statement of Senator Robert Dole)
  2. http://www.f-117a.com/Ben.html
  3. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-01-06-mn-16836-story.html
  4. Area 51: An Uncensored History of America's Top Secret Military Base By Annie Jacobsen
  5. Rich, Ben.R.; Janos, Leo (1996). Skunk Works: A Personal Memoir of My Years at Lockheed (First ed.). Back Bay Book.
  6. Memorial Tributes. Washington: National Academies Press. 1996. p. 203. ISBN 9780309055758.
  7. Skunk Works: A Personal Memoir of My Years at Lockheed (paperback edition), ISBN 0-316-74300-3, p. 73.

Further reading
  • Janos, Leo (1996) Skunk Works. Little, Brown & Company, ISBN 0-316-74300-3
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