Barcelos, Amazonas

Barcelos, (also Barcellos), formerly Mariuá, is a municipality located in the State of Amazonas, northern Brazil. Its population was 27,638 (2020) and its area is 122,476 square kilometres (47,288 sq mi),[3] making it the second largest municipality in Brazil (behind Altamira, Pará), equivalent in size to New York state in the United States and slightly larger than North Korea.

Barcelos
Municipality
Municipality of Barcelos
A view of the city
Flag
Nickname(s): 
"Capital do peixe ornamental" ("Capital of the ornamental fish") Cidade menina ("Girl City")
Location of Barcelos in the State of Amazonas
Barcelos
Location in Brazil
Coordinates: 00°58′30″S 62°55′26″W
Country Brazil
RegionNorth
State Amazonas
FoundedMay 27, 1758
Government
 • MayorJosé Ribamar Beleza (PMDB)
Area
 • Total122,475.728 km2 (47,288.143 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total27,638
 • Density0.21/km2 (0.5/sq mi)
 [1]
Time zoneUTC-4 (AST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (DST no longer used)
Area code(s)+55 92
HDI (2000)0.593 – medium[2]

About

The city is served by Barcelos Airport with scheduled services to Manaus.

Since 1994, Barcelos has been the host of an annual festival celebrating ornamental fish,[4] which is a significant source of income for the region. Project Piaba uses Barcelos as the starting point for their annual research expedition into the Rio Negro area.[5]

The municipality contains part of the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve.[6] It also contains part of the Amazonas National Forest.[7] It contains the 833,352 hectares (2,059,260 acres) Rio Unini Extractive Reserve, created in 2006.[8]

History
Barcelos, 1783–1792.

Barcelos was originally named Mariuá, village of the Manaus Indians. When the captaincy of São José do Rio Negro was formed in 1755, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado, Governor General of state of Grao Para e Maranhao chose the aldeia de São José do Javari, a village founded by Carmelite Friar Matias São Boaventuras in 1728 near the mouth of the Javari River, as its capital. It was the capital of the captaincy of São José do Rio Negro from 1755–1791, and again from 1799–1808.

Climate

The climate reflects its vegetation being tropical rainforest or equatorial (Köppen: Af), like the rest of the Amazon Basin.[9]

Climate data for Barcelos, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1961–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 39.4
(102.9)		 37.3
(99.1)		 37.9
(100.2)		 38.1
(100.6)		 39.3
(102.7)		 37.4
(99.3)		 37.0
(98.6)		 36.9
(98.4)		 38.4
(101.1)		 39.1
(102.4)		 39.6
(103.3)		 37.0
(98.6)		 39.6
(103.3)
Average high °C (°F) 32.6
(90.7)		 32.5
(90.5)		 32.3
(90.1)		 31.8
(89.2)		 31.2
(88.2)		 31.3
(88.3)		 31.8
(89.2)		 32.5
(90.5)		 33.0
(91.4)		 33.4
(92.1)		 33.1
(91.6)		 32.9
(91.2)		 32.4
(90.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.9
(80.4)		 26.8
(80.2)		 26.7
(80.1)		 26.4
(79.5)		 26.0
(78.8)		 25.9
(78.6)		 26.0
(78.8)		 26.5
(79.7)		 26.7
(80.1)		 27.0
(80.6)		 27.0
(80.6)		 27.0
(80.6)		 26.5
(79.7)
Average low °C (°F) 22.6
(72.7)		 22.7
(72.9)		 22.7
(72.9)		 22.6
(72.7)		 22.5
(72.5)		 22.1
(71.8)		 21.9
(71.4)		 22.2
(72.0)		 22.3
(72.1)		 22.6
(72.7)		 22.6
(72.7)		 22.8
(73.0)		 22.5
(72.5)
Record low °C (°F) 10.8
(51.4)		 10.7
(51.3)		 15.8
(60.4)		 12.8
(55.0)		 16.1
(61.0)		 15.5
(59.9)		 14.8
(58.6)		 15.0
(59.0)		 14.2
(57.6)		 15.1
(59.2)		 13.6
(56.5)		 16.2
(61.2)		 10.7
(51.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 175.2
(6.90)		 185.9
(7.32)		 262.7
(10.34)		 326.7
(12.86)		 312.5
(12.30)		 259.5
(10.22)		 188.4
(7.42)		 136.9
(5.39)		 109.9
(4.33)		 102.6
(4.04)		 139.9
(5.51)		 162.4
(6.39)		 2,362.6
(93.02)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 13 13 15 18 21 18 15 12 10 10 10 12 167
Average relative humidity (%) 85.0 84.0 86.4 87.9 89.7 88.5 86.5 84.8 84.4 83.9 85.0 84.1 85.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 157.6 128.1 126.4 116.9 125.2 133.1 168.2 180.7 170.1 164.2 153.9 155.8 1,780.2
Source 1: INMET[10]
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[11]

References
  1. IBGE 2020
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-10-03. Retrieved 2009-12-17.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - UNDP
  3. IBGE - "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 9, 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. Carey, Randy (March 2007). "Hope Along the Rio Negro Part 1: The View from Manaus". Tropical Fish Magazine. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  5. "Project Piaba". Project Piaba. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  6. RDS Amanã (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 2016-05-05
  7. Unidade de Conservação: Floresta Nacional do Amazonas (in Portuguese), MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, retrieved 2016-05-19
  8. RESEX Rio Unini (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 2016-09-14
  9. "Barcelos, Amazonas Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved 2019-03-27.
  10. "Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  11. "Station Barcelos" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  12. "Barcelos (82113) - WMO Weather Station". NOAA. Retrieved March 27, 2019.


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