Barbara Rae-Venter

Barbara Rae-Venter (born July 17, 1948) is a New Zealand-born American genetic genealogist and retired patent attorney best known for her work helping police and investigators identify a suspect in the Golden State Killer case. Born in New Zealand, she earned a doctorate at the University of California at San Diego and later completed law school at the University of Texas at Austin. After retirement from her law career, she started researching her family history as a hobby in an attempt to help a family member find his biological family. Through this work, she was asked to help identify a woman who had been abducted as a child. Her efforts in this case eventually identified Terry Peder Rasmussen as the suspect in the Bear Brook Murders in New Hampshire. In 2019 she was included in the Time 100 list of most influential people and in 2018 was recognized in Nature's 10, a list of "people who mattered" in science by the journal Nature.

Barbara Rae-Venter
Born (1948-07-17) July 17, 1948
Auckland, New Zealand
EducationUniversity of California at San Diego
University of Texas at Austin
Known forGenetic genealogy
Scientific career
FieldsGenetics
Patent law
Cancer research

Early career

Barbara Rae was born July 17, 1948, in Auckland, New Zealand,[1] and raised in Auckland's Remuera neighborhood.[2] She moved to the United States at age 20,[2] and has United States citizenship.[1] She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology and Biochemistry from the University of California at San Diego in 1972, and received her Ph.D. in Biology at the same institution in 1976. From 1976 to 1979 she was a postdoctoral fellow at Roswell Park Memorial Institute in Buffalo, New York. From 1979 to 1983 she was assistant professor at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Texas. She matriculated at University of Texas at Austin Law School in May 1983 and received her J.D. in August 1985.[1] She later worked as a patent lawyer in California specializing in biotechnology,[3] and was an assistant professor at Stanford University from 1988 to 1990.[1][4] Rae-Venter focused her research career on breast and gastrointestinal cancer[5]

Genetic genealogy

Rae-Venter's interest in genealogy began when she met a cousin on a website for sharing family trees who was looking to identify his biological father.[3] She found an online course teaching people how to use genetic testing to find relatives. After she completed the course, she later became one of the teachers.[3][6] In addition to working on her own family tree, Rae-Venter has worked as a volunteer Search Angel for the site, specializing in helping adoptees find their birth families. She has been involved in solving several high-profile murder cases, including Bear Brook Murders in New Hampshire and the Golden State Killer in California. In 2018, after her role in using genetics and genealogy to solve crimes became well known, Rae-Venter was named to Nature's list of "10 People who Mattered this Year".[7] She was recognized in the 2019 Time 100 list of most influential people.[8] Genetic genealogy rose to prominence based on the efforts of volunteer family history hobbyists such as Rae-Venter who realized that the techniques used to identify family members could be useful to law enforcement officers. Some law enforcement agencies were initially dismissive of the idea.[9]

Bear Brook Murders
Main articles: Bear Brook murders and Terry Peder Rasmussen

Rae-Venter's initial involvement with using publicly available genetic databases and family trees to contribute to criminal investigations started in 2015, when she was asked to assist investigators in identifying the true identity of a woman who had been kidnapped when she was an infant.[3] In addition to searching for family members which matched the woman's genetic profile on publicly available websites, Rae-Venter suggested the woman submit her sample to closed databases in the hopes of finding more family members.[10] This case evolved to require 20,000 hours of work and a significant number of volunteers, but they were able to identify the woman's birth name, and put her in contact with one of her grandfathers.[3] In addition to identifying the woman's family and birth name, Rae-Venter and her team identified the birth mother of a relative found during the search, which allowed for them to meet.[11] The identification of this woman led authorities to link her kidnapper to a series of murders in New Hampshire, known as the Bear Brook Murders.[10] Rae-Venter contributed to the eventual identification of the suspect's true identity, Terry Peder Rasmussen, using DNA obtained from his autopsy after his death in prison. Rasmussen had been imprisoned for another murder under the name Larry Vanner.[12] In 2019, three of the victims of the Bear Brook murders were identified as 24 year-old Marlyse Elizabeth Honeychurch, and her daughters, Marie Elizabeth Vaughn (6 years old) and Sarah Lynn McWaters (1 year old).[13]

Golden State Killer
Main article: Golden State Killer

Paul Holes, an inspector who had been working on the Golden State Killer case for decades, initially reached out to Rae-Venter in March 2017 for her assistance in using genealogy to search for new leads in the case. In October 2017, Rae-Venter was contributing to the team attempting to identify the killer. Rae-Venter utilized GEDmatch, and provided structure to the team's genetic search efforts.[12] The team isolated a DNA sample from a Golden State Killer crime scene to create a DNA profile that could be uploaded to GEDMatch, and then worked from profiles that were identified to create family trees. By identifying relatives of the killer, investigators could work back to find a common ancestor and then work forward to identify all members of the younger generations. Once all members of a family had been identified, investigators could then start eliminating individuals who were not suspects. In the case of the Golden State Killer, the team needed to go back to great-great-great grandparents before starting to work forward.[12] Multiple family trees needed to be constructed.[5] This information was combined with predictions about ethnicity and physical appearance to narrow down the suspect list.[12] Multiple pieces of evidence started to converge when the genetic profiles were considered, including the possibility that the suspect had Italian heritage.[5] After the suspect had been identified, new DNA samples were collected from the suspect surreptitiously and tested against crime scene samples. The suspect's samples matched those from the killer, confirming his identity. Joseph DeAngelo was arrested on April 24, 2018.[14]

In the immediate aftermath of the arrest, Rae-Venter chose not to be publicly identified, out of fears for her personal safety.[3] Several months after the arrest of the Golden State Killer, Rae-Venter allowed Holes to identify her publicly. The intervening months had seen increased interest in genetic genealogy, and additional people had been identified in the field.[3] After her role in the Golden State Killer case became well-known, Rae-Venter was approached to assist in at least 50 unsolved cases, including homicides and unidentified victims.[15]

Additional cases

As one of the first public faces of genetic genealogy in law enforcement in the United States, Rae-Venter has been asked to consult on additional cases, and also to comment on the ethics of using shared community data for law enforcement purposes. She has also been one of the most sought after voices when ethical questions arise about the use of shared genetic data by law enforcement. At the conclusion of the Golden State Killer case, Rae-Venter discussed future cases that she was working on, including the Boy in the Box case in Pennsylvania.[12]

In 2019, Rae-Venter helped identify the remains of a boy who had been found in 1998. Based on the DNA profile of the child, she determined that the child was likely of mixed Asian and white descent. Searches of online databases identified a possible relative, who could identify the child. The child's family had assumed he had returned to South Korea with his mother. This discovery also resulted in the identification of his mother's remains. A suspect, who was already incarcerated on other charges was identified.[16]

Personal life

In the late 1960s, while in Sydney, Australia, she met J. Craig Venter, an American soldier on leave from the Vietnam War. They reunited while she was on a three-month hiking tour of Europe, and they were married in Geneva in 1968. They separated in 1980, and have one child.[17] Later in his career, Venter became involved in the Human Genome Project, sequencing the first copy of the human genome.[18] In the course of her research into her own family tree, Rae-Venter identified a great uncle who worked as a police officer in London during the time Jack the Ripper was active.[7]

Selected publications
  • Rae-Venter, B.; Reid, L. M. (1980). "Growth of human breast carcinomas in nude mice and subsequent establishment in tissue culture". Cancer Research. 40 (1): 95–100. PMID 6243091.
  • Rae-Venter, B.; Nemoto, T.; Schneider, S. L.; Dao, T. L. (1981). "Prolactin binding by human mammary carcinoma: Relationship to estrogen receptor protein concentration and patient age". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 1 (3): 233–243. doi:10.1007/BF01806263. PMID 6293628. S2CID 24278474.
  • Rae-Venter, B.; Dao, T. L. (1982). "Kinetic properties of rat hepatic prolactin receptors". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 107 (2): 624–632. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(82)91537-6. PMID 6289836.
  • Rae-Venter, B.; Dao, T. L. (1983). "Hydrodynamic properties of rat hepatic prolactin receptors". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 222 (1): 12–21. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(83)90497-6. PMID 6301378.

References
  1. American Men & Women of Science (26th ed.). Gale. 2009. pp. 25–26. ISBN 9781414433004.
  2. Hampton, Simon (October 2018). "How a Kiwi helped solve the US' greatest cold case" (PDF). Te Awamutu Branch of the New Zealand Society of Genealogists Newsletter. No. 298. p. 6. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  3. Murphy, Heather. "She Helped Crack the Golden State Killer Case". New York Times. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  4. Reinhold, Robert (January 7, 1990). "Science Under Scrutiny; Losing the Race". The New York Times.
  5. Tron, Gina (August 18, 2018). "Who Is Dr. Barbara Rae-Venter And How Did She Help Catch The Golden State Killer Suspect?". Oxygen. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
  6. "Teachers, Assistants & Course Leaders". DNAAdoption.org. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
  7. Maher, Brenden. "Nature's 10". Nature. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  8. Holes, Paul (April 16, 2019). "Barbara Rae-Venter". TIME. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  9. Murphy, Heather (May 12, 2019). "The women who pioneered the use of DNA websites to unlock cold cases". The Independent. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
  10. Augenstein, Seth (February 7, 2017). "The Tale of the Abandoned Girl's DNA that Led to a Notorious Cold Case". Forensic Magazine. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  11. Corum, Jonathan and Murphy, Heather (October 15, 2018). "How Genetic Sleuthing Helped a Kidnapped Girl Recover Her Identity". The New York Times. Retrieved March 11, 2019.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. Gafni, Matthias (August 24, 2018). "The woman behind the scenes who helped capture the Golden State Killer". The Mercury News. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
  13. Aaro, David (June 9, 2019). "Librarian helps ID cold case murder victims killed between 1985-2000". Fox News. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
  14. Chavez, Nicole (June 2, 2016). "DNA that led to Golden State Killer suspect's arrest was collected from his car while he shopped". CNN. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
  15. Lee, Amber (August 30, 2018). "Critical genealogist in Golden State Killer case speaks out about her role". Fox 2 KTVU. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  16. "Ancestry DNA leads to identity of boy whose remains were found in 1998". ABC6. February 5, 2019. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
  17. Venter, J. Craig (2007). A Life Decoded: My Genome, My Life. New York: Viking. pp. 43–48. ISBN 9780670063581. OCLC 165048736.
  18. Shampo, Marc A.; Kyle, Robert A. (2011). "J. Craig Venter—The Human Genome Project". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 86 (4): e26–e27. doi:10.4065/mcp.2011.0160. ISSN 0025-6196. PMC 3068906. PMID 21584979.
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