Baluarte Bridge

The Baluarte Bridge (Spanish: Puente Baluarte), officially the Baluarte Bicentennial Bridge (Spanish: Puente Baluarte Bicentenario),[1] is a cable-stayed bridge in Mexico. It is located between the municipalities of Concordia in Sinaloa and Pueblo Nuevo in Durango, along the Durango–Mazatlán highway, Mexico 40D. The bridge has a total length of 1,124 m (3,688 ft),[2] with a central cable-stayed span of 520 m (1,710 ft).[3] With the road deck at 403 m (1,322 ft)[2] above the valley below, the Baluarte Bridge is the third-highest cable-stayed bridge in the world, the seventh-highest bridge overall and the highest bridge in the Americas.[4]

Baluarte Bridge

Puente Baluarte
Baluarte Bridge under construction,
10 March 2012
Coordinates23°32′03″N 105°45′46″W
CarriesMotor vehicles
CrossesBaluarte River
LocaleConcordia in Sinaloa and Pueblo Nuevo in Durango, Mexico
Official nameBaluarte Bicentennial Bridge
Characteristics
DesignCable-stayed bridge
MaterialPrestressed concrete
Total length1,124 m (3,688 ft)
Width19.8 m (65 ft)
Longest span520 m (1,710 ft)
Clearance below403 m (1,322 ft)
History
Construction start21 February 2008 (2008-02-21)
Construction end(inaugurated) 5 January 2012
Openedlate 2013
Location
For the fort in Veracruz, Mexico, see Baluarte de Santiago.
For the Spanish bastion in Philippines, see Baluarte de San Diego.

Construction of the bridge began in 2008, it was inaugurated in January 2012 and opened to traffic in late 2013.[5] The bridge forms part of a new highway linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of northern Mexico and has reduced the travelling time between Durango and Mazatlán from approximately 6 to 2.5 hours.[2]

Structure and construction

The bridge's four-lane roadway, 20 metres (66 ft) wide by 1,124 metres (3,688 ft) long, is supported at a height of 403 metres (1,322 ft) above the Baluarte riverbed by 12 piers, two of which are also pylons (towers). Each of the two pylons measures 18 by 8.56 metres (59.1 by 28.1 ft) at its base, widens in the centre to carry the roadway before tapering upwards to 8 by 4.10 metres (26.2 by 13.5 ft) wide at its top; the taller, P5, is 169 metres (554 ft) high.[6] 76 steel cables pass over saddles in the pylons to form 152 suspenders in a two plane semi-fan layout. The tallest intermediate pier, P9, is 148 metres (486 ft) high.[7]

It crosses a gorge in the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains with a clearance of 390 metres (1,280 ft) below the deck, substantially taller than the Eiffel Tower.[2][8] Its clearance is 120 metres (390 ft) higher than that of the previous record-holder, France's Millau Viaduct, which has a clearance of 270 metres (890 ft).[9] The bridge's central span, 520 metres (1,710 ft) long, is also the longest cable-stayed span in North America, 37 metres (121 ft) longer than that of the John James Audubon Bridge in St. Francisville, Louisiana.[6]

Construction on the bridge began on 21 February 2008.[10] The work was carried out by a consortium that included Tradeco Infraestructura, IDINSA, Aceros Corey and VSL México,[9] which was awarded the contract in May 2007 by the Mexican transport and communications ministry, the SCT, beating two other higher-priced bidders.[11] The cost has risen significantly from the original bid of 1.28 billion pesos (US$118 million); according to an SCT official, this is due, among other things, to the number of structures involved in such a project. The work is being funded by Mexico's National Infrastructure Fund (Fonadin) and the Durango-Mazatlán Trust (Fiduma).[12] It is planned that the cost of the bridge will be recovered by concessionary fees from the highway's operator.[11]

The choice of a cable-stayed design was made to enable the construction to proceed outward from each of the two main pylons, thus making it unnecessary to build an expensive and time-consuming falsework.[6] By January 2012, the bridge's construction had required the use of 1,500 workers and engineers, 12,000 tonnes (11,800 long tons; 13,200 short tons) of steel and 90,000 cubic metres (118,000 cubic yards) of concrete.[13] 447,000 cubic metres (584,700 cubic yards) of rock were excavated to lay the bridge's foundations.[12]

The Baluarte Bridge construction is part of an 18 billion peso (US$1.44 billion) project to build a new highway connecting Durango with Mazatlán across some of Mexico's most rugged mountains.[14] The cost of the bridge itself has been put at 2.18 billion pesos (US$158.7 million).[3] It will replace a notoriously dangerous road over the mountains, which are known locally as "the Devil's Backbone".[2] The old road was built in the 1940s in terrain so difficult that mules had to be used to bring in supplies for the construction workers. It is the only crossing through the mountains for 500 miles (800 km). The new Mazatlán–Durango highway will include 63 tunnels and 32 bridges, eight of which will be over 300 metres (980 ft) high.[2][4] When completed, the new highway is expected to slash the travelling time between Durango and Mazatlán from eight hours to two and a half.[4] It is intended to form part of an eventual road link between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Mexico.[2] Around 2,000 vehicles are expected to use the bridge daily.[12]

Inauguration and economic and social impact

The Baluarte Bridge was inaugurated by President Calderón on 5 January 2012. Officials from Guinness World Records were on hand at the inauguration ceremony to certify the bridge as the world's highest cable-stayed bridge.[2] At the time it was about 86 per cent complete.[3] It was finished in late January 2012, and went operational by 2013.[15] Its official name as the "Bicentennial" bridge refers to the 2010 bicentenary of the Mexican declaration of independence from Spain at the start of the Mexican War of Independence in 1810. It had been hoped that the bridge would be inaugurated in the second half of 2010 as part of the bicentennial celebrations, but delays pushed the date back.[13]

During the ceremony, Calderón hailed the bridge as a way to "unite the people of northern Mexico as never before."[2] Officials expressed the hope that it would boost trade and tourism in the area, which is one of the most remote parts of Mexico. The region is seriously affected by poverty and lawlessness which has prompted many locals to take up illegal drug farming, smuggling and even highway robbery on the old Durango–Mazatlán road. Poor communications in the region have made it difficult to police. According to a town administrator in Pueblo Nuevo municipality, the new bridge and road will help to improve security by reducing the region's isolation. Officials have also expressed hopes that it will help to promote economic development. Durango's state government plans to build a new industrial park on a 4,300-acre (1,700-hectare) site adjoining the highway, while Sinaloa's governor anticipates a boost in the usage of Mazatlán's port from the increase in cross-country traffic.[4] The project is reported to have created 3,500 jobs directly and a further 12,000 indirectly.[16]

See also

References
  1. "Supervisión de obra del Puente Baluarte Bicentenario" (in Spanish). President of the Republic. 5 January 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  2. "Mexico inaugurates world's highest cable-stayed bridge". BBC News. 6 January 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  3. "Mexico Receives Guinness Record For Highest Suspension Bridge". Fox News Latino. 6 January 2012. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  4. Hawley, Chris (26 April 2010). "Mexico hopes hwy into drug country sparks revival". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  5. "Baluarte Bridge Open, Slashes Journey Times". Mexperience. December 17, 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
  6. "Baluarte River Bridge". Construction Review Online. March 2011. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
  7. El Puente Baluarte Archived 2014-02-01 at the Wayback Machine (includes technical diagrams)
  8. Walton, Jon (6 January 2012). "Mexico Inaugurates World's Tallest Suspension Bridge". Construction Digital. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  9. "Record-breaking bridge inaugurated". The Construction Index. 6 January 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  10. "Da Calderón banderazo de inicio del puente Baluarte". El Siglo de Torreón (in Spanish). 22 February 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  11. "Tradeco-led consortium wins Baluarte bridge contract". Business News Americas. 14 May 2007. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
  12. "Calderón inaugurará el Puente Baluarte". Milenio (in Spanish). 5 January 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  13. "El puente atirantado Baluarte es oficialmente el más alto del mundo" (in Spanish). CNN Mexico. 5 January 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
  14. "Calderón inspects Baluarte bridge works". Business News Americas. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  15. "Bridge claims record". Sydney Morning Herald. 7 January 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  16. "Calderón 'cierra' el claro central del Puente Baluarte". Obras (in Spanish). 5 January 2012. Archived from the original on 9 January 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2012.

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