Badnavirus
Badnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are currently 59 species in this genus including the type species Commelina yellow mottle virus. Diseases associated with this genus include: CSSV: leaf chlorosis, root necrosis, red vein banding in young leaves, small mottled pods, and stem/root swelling followed by die-back. Infection decreases yield by 25% within one year, 50% within two years and usually kills trees within 3–4 years.[1][2]
| Badnavirus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification  | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Pararnavirae |
| Phylum: | Artverviricota |
| Class: | Revtraviricetes |
| Order: | Ortervirales |
| Family: | Caulimoviridae |
| Genus: | Badnavirus |
| Type species | |
| Commelina yellow mottle virus | |
Taxonomy
The following species are recognized:
- Aglaonema bacilliform virus
- Banana streak GF virus
- Banana streak IM virus
- Banana streak MY virus
- Banana streak OL virus
- Banana streak UA virus
- Banana streak UI virus
- Banana streak UL virus
- Banana streak UM virus
- Banana streak VN virus
- Birch leafroll-associated virus
- Blackberry virus F
- Bougainvillea chlorotic vein banding virus
- Cacao bacilliform Sri Lanka virus
- Cacao mild mosaic virus
- Cacao swollen shoot virus
- Cacao swollen shoot CD virus
- Cacao swollen shoot CE virus
- Cacao swollen shoot Ghana M virus
- Cacao swollen shoot Ghana N virus
- Cacao swollen shoot Ghana Q virus
- Cacao swollen shoot Togo A virus
- Cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus
- Cacao yellow vein banding virus
- Canna yellow mottle associated virus
- Canna yellow mottle virus
- Citrus yellow mosaic virus
- Codonopsis vein clearing virus
- Commelina yellow mottle virus
- Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus
- Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus 2
- Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 1
- Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 2
- Dioscorea bacilliform SN virus
- Dioscorea bacilliform TR virus
- Fig badnavirus 1
- Gooseberry vein banding associated virus
- Grapevine badnavirus 1
- Grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus
- Grapevine vein clearing virus
- Jujube mosaic-associated virus
- Kalanchoe top-spotting virus
- Mulberry badnavirus 1
- Pagoda yellow mosaic associated virus
- Pineapple bacilliform CO virus
- Pineapple bacilliform ER virus
- Piper yellow mottle virus
- Rubus yellow net virus
- Schefflera ringspot virus
- Spiraea yellow leafspot virus
- Sugarcane bacilliform Guadeloupe A virus
- Sugarcane bacilliform Guadeloupe D virus
- Sugarcane bacilliform IM virus
- Sugarcane bacilliform MO virus
- Sweet potato pakakuy virus
- Taro bacilliform CH virus
- Taro bacilliform virus
- Wisteria badnavirus 1
- Yacon necrotic mottle virus
Structure
Viruses in Badnavirus are non-enveloped, with bacilliform geometries. These viruses are about 30 nm wide and 90-900 nm long. Genomes are circular and non-segmented.[1]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Badnavirus | Bacilliform | T=3 | Non-enveloped | Circular | Monopartite |
Life cycle
Viral replication is nuclear/cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. Dna templated transcription, specifically dsdna(rt) transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export, and tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (cssv: mealybugs). Transmission routes are vector, mechanical, and seed borne.[1]
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Badnavirus | Plants | None | Viral movement; mechanical inoculation | Viral movement | Nucleus | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: mealybugs; mechanical; wounds; seed |