Babrra massacre
The Babrra Massacre(Pashto: د بابړې خونړۍ پېښه;or Babara Massacre) was a mass shooting on 12 August 1948 in the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan. According to official figures, around 15 protestors were killed while around 40 were injured. However, Khudai Khidmatgar sources maintained that around 150 were killed and 400 were injured.[1]
| Babrra incident د بابړې خونړۍ پېښه | |
|---|---|
  Babrra ground Babrra ground (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) | |
| Location | Babrra ground, Hashtnagar region, Charsadda District, North-West Frontier Province (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Pakistan |
| Coordinates | 34°08′35″N 71°43′39″E |
| Date | 12 August 1948 |
| Target | Supporters of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement |
Attack type | murder, mass shooting, drowning |
| Deaths | 700+ (official figure)[1] 800+ (Khudai Khidmatgar claim)[1] |
| Injured | 1200 (official figures)[1] 400 (Khudai Khidmatgar claim)[1] |
| Perpetrators | Abdul Qayyum Khan Kashmiri, police |
It happened on Babrra ground in Charsadda District on the order of the chief minister of the NWFP, Abdul Qayyum Khan Kashmiri (not to be confused with Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan, NWFP's first chief minister during the British Raj).[2]
Background
The Khudai Khidmatgar was a non-violent peaceful Pashtun movement which was led by Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Bacha Khan).
The movement was initially focused on reform to the status of the Pashtuns in the British Raj and later focused on independence of India from the British rule. The movement's leader, Abdul Ghaffar Khan, was a supporter of United India and wanted North-West Frontier Province (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) to join United India.[3]
Until 1930, the Pashtuns were not very involved in politics. In 1937, the movement won the elections for the North-West Frontier Province in alliance with the Congress Party, as Bacha Khan's brother, Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan (Dr. Khan Sahib), became the provincial chief minister.
The movement also won an absolute majority in the 1946 elections.[4] Despite the Bannu Resolution in which the Khudai Khidmatgars demanded that the province should become Pashtunistan or join Afghanistan. The British refused and had only given two choices. To join india or to join the new nation Pakistan. the NWFP joined the Dominion of Pakistan as a result of the 1947 NWFP referendum which had been boycotted by the movement.
The Babraa Massacre
Before the Massacre
Before the Babrra Massacre, the elected provincial government of Dr. Khan Sahib in the North-West Frontier Province was terminated by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Governor-General of Pakistan. A Muslim League leader, Abdul Qayyum Khan Kashmiri, was appointed as the new chief minister of the NWFP on 23 August 1947.
The new provincial government imprisoned the Khudai Khidmatgar’s anti-Pakistan movement's leader Bacha Khan, as well as the deposed chief minister Dr. Khan Sahib, and some other notable figures of the region. In July 1948, the British governor of the NWFP Ambrose Flux Dundas promulgated an ordinance, authorizing the provincial government to detain anyone and confiscate their property without giving a reason.
12 August 1948 (The Massacre)
On 12 August 1948, supporters of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement protested against the arrest of their leaders and the new ordinance enforced by the government. The protesters marched from Charsadda to Babrra ground. However, when they reached Babrra ground, Abdul Qayyum Khan ordered the police to open fire on protesters. According to official figures, around 15 protestors were killed while around 40 were injured. However, Khudai Khidmatgar sources maintained that around 150 were killed and 400 were injured.[1]
Aftermath
In mid-September 1948, the central government of Pakistan banned the Khudai Khidmatgar movement and many of its supporters were arrested. The provincial government destroyed the centre of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement at Sardaryab, Charsadda District.[2][5]
In July 1950, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, president of the Awami League and one-time Prime Minister of Pakistan, said at a large gathering in Dhaka, East Bengal (present-day Bangladesh): “The barbarous massacre of the Red Shirts (Khudai Khidmatgars) committed at Charsadda in 1948 surpassed the Jallianwala Bagh massacre committed by the British in 1919.”[5]
Commemorative day
The massacre is commemorated every year by the Pashtun community on 12 August.[6]
See also
References
- Rajmohan Gandhi (1 January 2004). Ghaffar Khan, Nonviolent Badshah of the Pakhtuns. Penguin Books India. p. 210.
Official figures mentioned fifteen dead fifty injured, but KK (Khudai Khidmatgar) sources maintained that 150 had been killed and 400 wounded
- M. Rafique Afzal (April 1, 2002). Pakistan: History and Politics, 1947–1971. p. 38 OUP Pakistan. ISBN 0-19-579634-9.
- "Abdul Ghaffar Khan, 98, a Follower of Gandhi". New York Times. 21 January 1998.
- "Historical aspect of Pashtun nationalism". The Nation. 19 January 2020.
- August 12, 1948: Remembering Pakistan's forgotten massacre at Babrra. The Nation.
- "Unforgettable: Babra massacre remembered across K-P". The Express Tribune. 12 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
Further reading
- Gandhi, Rajmohan (2004) Ghaffar Khan: Nonviolent Badshah of the Pakhtuns, Penguin Books India, New Delhi
- Khan, Khan Abdul Ghaffar (1969), My Life and Struggle, Hind Pocket Books, Delhi