Auricularia

Auricularia
	Auricularia auricula-judae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Auriculariales
Family:	Auriculariaceae
Genus:	Auricularia; Bull. ex Juss. (1789)
Type species
	Auricularia mesenterica; (Dicks.) Pers. (1822)
Species
	about 30
Synonyms[1]
	Patila Adans. (1763); Conchites Paulet (1791); Agarico-gelicidium Paulet (1793); Zonaria Roussel (1806); Laschia Fr. (1830); Oncomyces Klotzsch (1843); Hirneola Fr. (1848); Laschia subgen. Auriculariella Sacc. (1888); Seismosarca Cooke (1889); Auricula Battarra ex Kuntze (1891); Auriculariella Clem. (1909);

Auricularia is a genus of jelly fungi in the family Auriculariaceae. Preliminary phylogenetic studies suggest the Exidiaceae is closely related to Auriculariaceae – the two share many morphological traits.[2] Fruitbody either resupinate or pileate and then either ear-to shell-shaped or forming narrow, imbricate brackets, flabby elastic or tough gelatinous; hymenial surface smooth, wrinkled or veined, often purplish. Basidia cylindrical, with 1–3 transverse septa. Spores narrowly ellipsoid to allantoid, hyaline, smooth.[2] Most Auricularia species are edible and are grown commercially. Auricularia species are widely distributed in Kerala's Western Ghats, and recently, Auricularia auricula-judae, A. polytricha, and A. mesenterica have been reported.[2]

Classification

Lowy, in 1951, described a key to the species of Auricularia that emphasized the internal structure of the fruit body, while de-emphasizing traditional characteristics such as color, shape, and size, which he considered to be too variable and dependent upon such factors as the age of the specimen, exposure to light, or availability of moisture.[3] The characteristics he emphasized were the presence or absence, width and morphology of the medulla (the part composed mainly or entirely of longitudinal hyphae), and the length of the abhymenial hairs, features that are currently used in defining species in this genus.[4]

Species

As of May 2015, Index Fungorum lists 28 species of Auricularia:[5]

A. albida (Romell) Rick 1958
A. americana Parmasto & I.Parmasto ex Audet, Boulet & Sirard 2003
A. auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. 1886
A. cornea Ehrenb. 1820
A. delicata (Mont.) Henn. 1893
A. discensa Lloyd 1919
A. eximia (Berk. & Cooke) Kobayasi 1981
A. fibrillifera Kobayasi 1973
A. fuscosuccinea (Mont.) Henn. 1893
A. goossensiae Beeli 1926
A. hainanensis L.J.Li 1987
A. heimuer F.Wu, B.K.Cui & Y.C.Dai 2014
A. hispida Iwade 1944
A. hispidula (Berk.) Farl. 1905
A. incrassata Kobayasi 1973
A. indica Massee 1914
A. mesenterica (Dicks.) Pers. 1822
A. minor Kobayasi 1981
A. nigricans (Fr.) Birkebak, Looney & Sánchez-García 2013
A. peltata Lloyd 1922
A. rosea Burt 1921
A. scissa Looney, Birkebak & Matheny 2013
A. semipellucida Kobayasi 1942
A. sordescens Ces. 1879
A. stellata Lloyd 1922
A. subglabra Looney, Birkebak & Matheny 2013
A. tenuis (Lév.) Farl. 1905
A. thailandica Bandara & K.D.Hyde 2015[6]
A. villosula Malysheva 2014
A. wrightii (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Farl. 1905
A. xishaensis L.J.Li 1985

References

"Auricularia Bull. ex Juss. 1789". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
Mohanan C. (2011). Macrofungi of Kerala. Kerala, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute. p. 597. ISBN 81-85041-73-3.
Lowy B. (1951). "A morphological basis for classifying the species of Auricularia". Mycologia. 43 (3): 351–8. doi:10.2307/3755598. JSTOR 3755598.
Wong GJ, Wells K (1987). "Comparative morphology, compatibility, and infertility of Auricularia cornea, A. polytricha, and A. tenuis". Mycologia. 79 (6): 847–56. doi:10.2307/3807686. JSTOR 3807686.
Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 18th May 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2015-05-28.
Bandara AR, Chen J, Karunarathna K, Hyde KD, Kakumyan P (2015). "Auricularia thailandica sp. nov. (Auriculariaceae, Auriculariales) a widely distributed species from Southeastern Asia". Phytotaxa. 208 (2): 147–156. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.208.2.3.

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[urlMycoBank:_Auricularia-1] "Auricularia Bull. ex Juss. 1789". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2010-07-22.

[Mohanan2011-2] Mohanan C. (2011). Macrofungi of Kerala. Kerala, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute. p. 597. ISBN 81-85041-73-3.

[Lowy1958-3] Lowy B. (1951). "A morphological basis for classifying the species of Auricularia". Mycologia. 43 (3): 351–8. doi:10.2307/3755598. JSTOR 3755598.

[Wong1987-4] Wong GJ, Wells K (1987). "Comparative morphology, compatibility, and infertility of Auricularia cornea, A. polytricha, and A. tenuis". Mycologia. 79 (6): 847–56. doi:10.2307/3807686. JSTOR 3807686.

[Kirk_2015-5] Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 18th May 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2015-05-28.

[Bandara_2015-6] Bandara AR, Chen J, Karunarathna K, Hyde KD, Kakumyan P (2015). "Auricularia thailandica sp. nov. (Auriculariaceae, Auriculariales) a widely distributed species from Southeastern Asia". Phytotaxa. 208 (2): 147–156. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.208.2.3.