Attawapiskat River

The Attawapiskat River (/ˌætəˈwɑːpɪskæt/)[1] is a river in Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada, that flows east from Attawapiskat Lake to James Bay.[2][3]

Attawapiskat River
Kâh-tawâpiskâk
Location of the mouth of the Attawapiskat River in Ontario.
EtymologyFrom the Swampy Cree (Omushkegowuk) tawâpiskâ (Gap Between the Rocks)
Native nameÊh-tawâpiskât sîpiy
Location
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
RegionNorthwestern Ontario
DistrictKenora
Physical characteristics
SourceAttawapiskat Lake
 • coordinates52°09′32″N 87°35′45″W
 • elevation241 m (791 ft)
MouthAkimiski Strait, James Bay
 • coordinates
52°58′00″N 82°15′40″W
 • elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Length748 km (465 mi)
Basin size50,500 km2 (19,500 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • average626 m3/s (22,100 cu ft/s)
Basin features
River systemJames Bay drainage basin
Tributaries 
 • leftNorth Channel, Muketei River
 • rightMissisa River, Streatfeild River

Course

The Attawapiskat River travels a distance of 748 kilometres (465 mi),[4] and has a drainage area of 50,500 square kilometres (19,498 sq mi).[4]

The source of the river is Attawapiskat Lake at an elevation of 241 metres (791 ft). The main rivers flowing into the lake that are thus part of the Attawapiskat River drainage basin are the Marten-Drinking River, the Otoskwin River and the Pineimuta River.

There are two outflows from the Attawapiskat Lake into the Attawapiskat River: a southern and a northern channel. The southern channel is named by the Atlas of Canada as the Attawapiskat River, and is the source location listed in the Infobox at right. The northern channel is named by the Atlas of Canada as the North Channel, and is the more easily navigated route for canoeing. The North Channel outflow from Attawapiskat Lake is at 52°11′35″N 87°28′35″W[5] and consists of two short streams that lead into Windsor Lake. The elevation of the river drops significantly along these two outflow channels, descending from the higher ground of the Canadian Shield to the flatter and more boggy Hudson Bay Lowlands. After a series of rapids, the North Channel rejoins the Attawapiskat River (the southern channel) at 52°06′04″N 87°06′07″W[6] at an elevation of 210 metres (689 ft).

The river continues east, and makes a bend to the north at Pym Island at 52°12′20″N 86°19′28″W[7] at an elevation of 174 metres (571 ft). The Streatfeild River joins from the right at an elevation of 148 metres (486 ft), and the outlet river from McFaulds Lake, centre of the Northern Ontario Ring of Fire geological area, joins from the left 17 kilometres (11 mi) further downstream at 52°48′10″N 85°54′45″W[8] at an elevation of 139 metres (456 ft). Further downstream, the river then heads east once again. The Muketei River joins the Attawapiskat from the left at 53°08′36″N 85°17′38″W[9] at an elevation of 105 metres (344 ft), and the Missisa River joins from the right 28 kilometres (17 mi) further downstream at 53°01′36″N 84°54′02″W[9] at an elevation of 98 metres (322 ft).

At 52°56′32″N 83°10′10″W[10] at an elevation of 30 metres (98 ft) the Lawashi Channel begins and takes part of the Attawapiskat's flow into the Lawashi River at a point 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) upstream of that river's mouth at James Bay.[10] The mouth of the Lawashi River is approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) southeast of the mouth of the Attawapiskat.[10] After the Lawashi Channel branching, the main river continues east, past the community of Attawapiskat 10 kilometres (6 mi) upstream from the mouth,[10] and exits into the James Bay at the Akimiski Strait, across from Akimiski Island.[10]

Geology

Less than 100 kilometres (62 mi) from its mouth, the Attawapiskat has carved out several clusters of spectacular high limestone islands, nicknamed by canoeists the "Birthday Cakes". The formations are unique to the region, the Swampy Cree (Omushkegowuk) word for which, tawâpiskâ (as "kâh-tawâpiskâk" in its Conjunct form and as "êh-tawâpiskât" in its Participle form), gives name to the river.[11]

The Attawapiskat kimberlite field lies astride the river.

Economy

Otoskwin/Attawapiskat River Provincial Park[12] includes parts of the river from Attawapiskat Lake to a point just upstream of the confluence with the Muketei River.

Since June 26, 2008, the De Beers Victor Diamond Mine, in the Attawapiskat kimberlite field, has operated near the river about 90 kilometres (56 mi) west of the community of Attawapiskat.[10][13] The mine was expected to produce 600,000 carats (120 kg) of diamonds a year.[14]

Tributaries
  • Missisa River (right)
  • Muketei River (left)
  • Streatfeild River (right)
  • North Channel (left)
  • Attawapiskat Lake (source)
    • Otoskwin River
    • Marten-Drinking River
    • Pineimuta River

See also

References
  1. The Canadian Press (2017), The Canadian Press Stylebook (18th ed.), Toronto: The Canadian Press
  2. "Attawapiskat River". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
  3. "Attawapiskat River". Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 2011-08-09. Shows river course.
  4. "Other Rivers Flowing Into Hudson Bay, James Bay or Ungava Bay". Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. 2008-06-24. Archived from the original on April 10, 2007.
  5. Atlas of Canada Toporama Map Sheet 43D4
  6. Atlas of Canada Toporama Map Sheet 43D3
  7. Atlas of Canada Toporama Map Sheet 43D
  8. Atlas of Canada Toporama Map Sheet 43C
  9. Atlas of Canada Toporama Map Sheet 43F
  10. Atlas of Canada Toporama Map Sheet 43B
  11. Berger, Jonathan; Terry, Thomas (2007). Canoe Atlas of the Little North. Erin, Ont.: Boston Mills Press. pp. 109, 111, 115. ISBN 978-1-55046-496-2. OCLC 78038334. Also OCLC 174417835
  12. "Otoskwin-Attawapiskat River". Ontario Parks. 2002-11-08. Archived from the original on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
  13. Ontario Mining Association (2008-08-01). "Ontario's First Diamond Mine Officially Opened by De Beers Near Attawapiskat". Republic of Mining. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
  14. "Victor Mine: Factsheet". De Beers Canada. 2009-04-17. Archived from the original on 2009-08-31. Retrieved 2009-08-13.

Sources
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