Astropecten aranciacus

Astropecten aranciacus, the red comb star, is a sea star of the family Astropectinidae.[1] It is native to the east Atlantic Ocean (Portugal to Angola) and Mediterranean Sea.[1]

Astropecten aranciacus
Astropecten aranciacus on sea bottom
Detail of paxillae with the top red-orange or grey-beige
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Echinodermata
Subphylum:
Eleutherozoa
Class:
Asteroidea
Order:
Paxillosida
Family:
Astropectinidae
Genus:
Astropecten
Species:
A. aranciacus
Binomial name
Astropecten aranciacus
Synonyms[1]
  • Asterias aranciaca Linnaeus, 1758
  • Asterias aurantiaca Tiedemann, 1816
  • Astropecten antarcticus Studer, 1884
  • Astropecten aurantiaca Gray, 1840
  • Astropecten crenaster Dujardin & Hupé, 1862
  • Astropecten meridionalis Studer, 1876
  • Astropecten perarmatus Perrier, 1869

Habitat and behaviour

Astropecten aranciacus lives very near the coast, and at low tide it buries itself in the sand, showing only the centre of its upper side which is swollen in the form of a cone. This cone acts like a sense organ. When it is touched, the cone contracts and the starfish buries itself on the sand again. Then at high tide, the starfish reappears on the surface of the substrate. It buries itself in the sand to shield parts of its body from the rays of the sun, especially the bottom surface which has no coloured pigment and is therefore particularly sensitive. Astropecten aranciacus lives on sandy, muddy or gravel bottoms at depths of 2–100 metres (7–300 ft). This species is active and easy to find in the late afternoon and during the night.

Description

This starfish has superomarginal plates equipped with 1 to 3 small spines and inferomarginal plates with long, pointed, strong, regularly arranged spines. The inferomarginal spines have reddish-orange colour at the base and yellowish or white colour towards the tip. It is rugged with normal size disc and pointed arms. The colour of the aboral side is given by a succession of paxillae (from the top they look like round points) with upper extremity red-orange in various combinations with paxillae with upper extremity grey or beige. The superomarginal plates are usually grey or beige homogeneous. This is the largest species of Astropecten in the Mediterranean Sea, with a maximum diameter of 55 centimetres (22 in), although it usually measures about 30 cm (12 in).

It is a starfish with a lot of features and can be distinguished easily from the other species by colour and size. Sometimes it is confused with Astropecten irregularis.

Feeding

This sea star is a carnivore and feeds on molluscs, which it catches with its arms and then takes to the mouth. The prey is then trapped by the long, moving prickles around the mouth cavity.

References
  1. C. Mah & H. Hansson (2010). Mah CL (ed.). "Astropecten aranciacus (Linnaeus, 1758)". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  • (in English) Roberto Pillon (2009). Astropecten of the Mediterranean Sea
  • (in French) Koehler, Réné. 1921. Faune de France. Echinodermes.
  • (in Italian) Tortonese, Enrico. 1965. Fauna d'Italia. Echinodermata.
  • (in German) Ludwig, Hubert. 1897. Die Seesterne des Mittelmeeres. Zoologischen station zu Neapel.
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