Arisarum simorrhinum

Arisarum simorrhinum is species of flowering plant of the family Araceae. It is native to the western Mediterranean Basin (Iberian Peninsula and northwest Maghreb).[1]

Arisarum simorrhinum
Arisarum simorrhinum at Serras de Aire e Candeeiros
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae
Genus: Arisarum
Species:
A. simorrhinum
Binomial name
Arisarum simorrhinum
Synonyms[2]
  • Arisarum tingitanum Schott
  • Arisarum vulgare subsp. simorrhinum (Durieu) Maire & Weiller

Description

Arisarum simorrhinum is a perennial plant, up to 30 centimetres (12 in)[3] or 15–40 centimetres (5.9–15.7 in) in height,[4] with the inflorescence being usually shorter than the leaves and with a peduncle stained with purple. The spadix, a rod-like structure bearing the individual flowers, is protected by a special bract (the spathe) shaped as a tube of 3–1.5 centimetres (1.18–0.59 in), wide at the bottom, with purple spotting, and curved upper part, in the shape of a helmet tilted forward. It has sagittate leaves, with a long petiole.[3]

It has no stems, the leaves arise directly from a tuber of 1–4.5 by 0.6–3.5 centimetres (0.39 in–1.77 in × 0.24 in–1.38 in), from which rhizomes develop up to 9 by 1.5 centimetres (3.54 in × 0.59 in) and roots up to 9 centimetres (3.5 in). It has cordate to hastate-sagittate-shaped leaves, with petioles of 5–34 by 0.1–0.9 centimetres (1.969 in–13.386 in × 0.039 in–0.354 in), sometimes with small purple spots, winged from the base; the lamina (leaf blade) is 5–12 by 3.5–10 centimetres (2.0 in–4.7 in × 1.4 in–3.9 in), its base is cordate to hastate in shape with acute to rounded lobes 0.5–5.9 by 0.5–4 centimetres (0.20 in–2.32 in × 0.20 in–1.57 in).[4]

Arisarum simorrhinum at Sierra de Mijas

Inflorescence is 0.7–2 by 1–2.4 centimetres (0.28 in–0.79 in × 0.39 in–0.94 in) with a stalk of 4–22.6 by 0.1–0.6 centimetres (1.575 in–8.898 in × 0.039 in–0.236 in), generally flexible and thin; upright spathe with the margins of the bottom joined together forming a closed tube with 2–6 centimetres (0.79–2.36 in) that ends in the form of a hood, smooth or papillary at the margin, with longitudinal nerve, purple in the apex becoming progressively less pigmented and paler towards the base. The spadix has a sterile terminal part, arched in the upper half and unequal to the lower part, and is situated within the spathe.[4]

Fruit is composed of multiple berries (2-8), greenish and not very fleshy, 5–15 by 5–14 millimetres (0.20 in–0.59 in × 0.20 in–0.55 in) and 1 to 12 seeds per berry.[4]

Distribution and habitat

Arisarum simorrhinum is native to most of Portugal, western Spain, Morocco and northwestern Algeria. It is a nitrophile and occurs on acidic and basic soils often on disturbed ground and on sandy soils in pasture, clearings in scrub and woodland, on road sides and ditch margins, cultivated land and among rocky outcrops from sea level up to 840 metres (2,760 ft) in altitude.[1][3] Records from the Canary Islands, Balearic Islands, Madeira and Tunisia are erroneous due to taxonomic confusion with A. vulgare subsp. subexsertum.[1]

References
  1. Lansdown, R.V. (2016). "Arisarum simorrhinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13133497A18611160. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  2. "Species Details : Arisarum simorrhinum Durieu". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  3. "Arisarum simorrhinum (Durieu )". almargem.org. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  4. "Arisarum simorrhinum Durieu". mitra-nature.uevora.pt. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
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