Area codes in the Caribbean
The development of the telephone area codes in the Caribbean began with the expansion of the North American Numbering Plan in 1958 with the assignment of area code 809 for Bermuda and most of the Caribbean islands.
From 1958 to 1999, most of the British West Indies in the Caribbean Basin, Bermuda, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico shared a single area code. By the mid-1990s, with the proliferation of fax machines, mobile phones, computers, and pagers in the region, the pool of available central office codes was exhausting. Beginning with Bermuda in November 1994, and The Bahamas, Puerto Rico, and Barbados in 1995, several countries in the Caribbean received individual area code assignments from the NANPA, effectively splitting area code 809. By 1999, it was retained only by the Dominican Republic, following the departure of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from using the area code.[1]
Assignments
| Territory | Area code | Year of Assignment |
|---|---|---|
| Anguilla | 264 | 1996 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 268 | 1996 |
| The Bahamas | 242 | 1995 |
| Barbados | 246 | 1995 |
| Bermuda | 441 | 1994 |
| The British Virgin Islands | 284 | 1996 |
| The Cayman Islands | 345 | 1996 |
| The Commonwealth of Dominica | 767 | 1996 |
| The Dominican Republic | 809, 929, 849 | 1958, 2005, 2009 |
| Grenada | 473 | 1996 |
| Jamaica | 876, 658[2] | 1996, 2018 |
| Montserrat | 664 | 1996 |
| Puerto Rico | 787, 939 | 1995, 2000 |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 869 | 1996 |
| Saint Lucia | 758 | 1996 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 784 | 1997 |
| Sint Maarten | 721 | 2009 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 868 | 1996 |
| The Turks and Caicos Islands | 649 | 1997 |
| The U.S. Virgin Islands | 340 | 1997 |
Sint Maarten was part of the Netherlands Antilles until dissolution in 2010. It is a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Sint Maarten used the country code +599 of the Netherlands Antilles until joining the NANP on September 30, 2011, with area code 721.[3]
Former assignments within 809
The following was the 1958-1995 numbering plan for 809. Starting in the 1980s, Puerto Rico, Bermuda and the Dominican Republic began to use prefixes from unused ranges throughout the 2xx to 9xx range. Historic (1960s-mid-1980s) ranges are shown in parentheses.
The number pool of the area code was divided between the regions by the national number, which was from two to four digits long, leaving five to three digits, respectively, of the total of 10 digits of a complete telephone number for local telephone number assignments. The national number appeared in local telephone directories.
Caribbean nations with a larger numbering resource requirement used seven-digit dialing, and had no need for a national number.
Non-NANP jurisdictions (i.e., the rest of the world) identified a Caribbean calling destination by analyzing the first six digits dialed (1809xx), therefore, faced the difficulty where a seventh digit was required to identify the specific nation. Rates based on destination would have to be the same for all destinations sharing the same six digits, e.g., St. Lucia and St. Vincent would have to be the same rate; Anguilla, British Virgin Islands and Montserrat would need to be the same rate; Antigua, Barbuda, Nevis and St. Kitts also would have to be the same rate. Since Cable and Wireless was the provider in most or all cases, the same corporate entity benefited from the revenue for incoming calls. The assignment of new area codes after 1994 resolved this since only the first four digits would be required to distinguish each country.
| territory | number form | notes |
|---|---|---|
| Anguilla | 809-497-xxxx | (National number 4972, then expanded to four digit local numbers as N.N. 497) |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 809-46x-xxxx | (National number 46) |
| The Bahamas | 809-32x-xxxx through 809-37x-xxxx | |
| Barbados | 809-42x-xxxx 809-43x-xxxx | (National number 43, then changed to 7D, as 42 or 43) |
| Bermuda | 809-xxx-xxxx | (National number 29, then changed to 7D, as 23 or 29) |
| British Virgin Islands | 809-49x-xxxx | (National number 49) |
| Carriacou | 809-44x-xxxx | |
| The Cayman Islands | 809-94x-xxxx | (National number 94) |
| The Commonwealth of Dominica | 809-44x-xxxx | (National number 44 shared with Grenada) |
| The Dominican Republic | 809-5xx-xxxx 809-68x-xxxx | |
| Grenada | 809-44x-xxxx | (National number 44 shared with Dominica) |
| Jamaica | 809-9xx-xxxx | (began with 9, other than 94x) |
| Montserrat | 809-491-xxxx | (National number 491) |
| Puerto Rico | 809-7xx-xxxx 809-8xx-xxxx 809-25x-xxxx 809-26x-xxxx 809-27x-xxxx 809-28x-xxxx | |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 809-465-xxxx | (National numbers 465 for St. Kitts, 469 for Nevis) |
| Saint Lucia | 809-45x-xxxx | (National number 45 shared with St Vincent) |
| Saint Vincent | 809-45x-xxxx | (National number 45 shared with St. Lucia) |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 809-6xx-xxxx | (began with 6, other than 68) |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | 809-946-xxxx | (National number 946) |
| The U.S. Virgin Islands | 809-77x-xxxx |
| Numbering prefix | Remaining digit quantity | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 29 | five | Bermuda |
| 3 | seven | The Bahamas |
| 4 | seven | Barbados |
| 44 | five | The Commonwealth of Dominica |
| 44 | five | Grenada |
| 45 | five | Saint Lucia |
| 45 | five | Saint Vincent |
| 46 | five | Antigua and Barbuda |
| 465 | four | Saint Kitts |
| 469 | four | Nevis |
| 491 | four | Montserrat |
| 497 | four | Anguilla (started as 4972 + three) |
| 49 | five | British Virgin Islands |
| 5 | seven | The Dominican Republic |
| 68 | seven | The Dominican Republic |
| 6 | seven | Trinidad and Tobago |
| 77 | seven | The U.S. Virgin Islands |
| 7 | seven | Puerto Rico |
| 8 | seven | Puerto Rico |
| 946 | four | The Turks and Caicos Islands |
| 94 | five | The Cayman Islands |
| 9 | seven | Jamaica |
In chart above, digits in italics were just the initial digit(s) of seven-digit number dialing.
Sint Maarten was part of +599 until long after 809 was totally divided into individual area codes.
Source for above info: Incumbent provider Cable and Wireless Telephone-directory from Barbados of 1994-1995.
Other territories
Not all of the Caribbean islands are members of the North American Numbering Plan. The following countries have country codes assigned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
| territory | code |
|---|---|
| Aruba | +297 |
| Haiti | +509 |
| Cuba | +53 |
| Guadeloupe | +590 |
| Saint Barthélemy | |
| Saint Martin | |
| Martinique | +596 |
| Caribbean Netherlands | +599 |
| Curaçao |
See also
- 809 scam
- List of NANP area codes
- North American Numbering Plan expansion
- Telephone numbers in the Americas
- List of country calling codes
- Category:Telephone numbers by country
References
- NANPA Planning Letter No. PL-NANP-103 (1997-11-21)
- http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Jamaica_gets_additional_area_code_658
- "PL-423: Updated Information - Introduction of NPA 721 (Sint Maarten)" (PDF). North American Numbering Plan Administration. 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-10-01.