Architecture of Veliko Tarnovo

Veliko Tarnovo is a town with a historical architectural heritage. Many of the landmark buildings and bridges were destroyed by the 1913 earthquake.[1] The town has developed architecture from four historic periods.[2]

Vector line art illustration of Veliko Tarnovo

The Middle Ages

Fortress construction on the site of the monastery of the Great Lavra (Holy Forty Martyrs Church) existed during the First Bulgarian Empire.[3] It experienced the greatest development during the Second Bulgarian State, when the city was the capital. The churches of the Second Bulgarian State are relatively small cross-domed temples or basilicas. The fortress walls that protected the main cores of Turnovo were made up of creations. Between them were alternates and merlons.[4] These elements were also called "warriors" and served as a defense in an attack. There were internal firewalls. Another remedy was the so-called. counterforces. According to sources, the height of the walls of Tsarevets Hill ranged from 3.5 to 4.5 meters. It is assumed that the walls of Trapezitsa and Momina Krepost, as well as the five walls that surrounded the New Town, were raised at such height. The palace is built on three levels, including the Throne Building, the Royal Rooms, other residential and administrative halls, cellars, water reservoir. It is decorated with mosaics, marble finishes and murals. [2] Many of the boyars' homes had courtyards centered on chapels or churches. The Shishman bath is one of the few authentic works of Tarnovo architecture.[5] Today, the fortresses of Tsarevets and Trapezitsa, the Church of Saints Peter and Paul, Veliko Tarnovo, the Church of Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki, the Holy Forty Martyrs Church, and the Shishman's Bath are partially or completely rebuilt  

  • Church of Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki
  • Church of Saints Peter and Paul

Renaissance

The most significant trace in architecture during the Renaissance remains the Bulgarian genius from Dryanovo - Kolyu Ficheto. He has built several significant churches in the city:Orthodox Church Of Saint Marina,[6] Church of St Constantine and Helena,[7] Church Of Saint Nikolas.,[8] Church Of Saint Spas[9] and Church Of Saints Cyril and Methodius.[10]

  • Church of Saints Constantine and Helena
  • Saint Nicholas
  • Church Of Saints Cyril and Methodius

Early Revival Houses (1750-1828)

Characteristic of the early Renaissance houses is a stone ground floor and a stone or tiled floor and they have arched stone entrances, large wooden porches.[11]

Houses of the Renaissance period

Characteristic of the houses is the hatches issued. The second floor can be lined with wood or bricks. Boris Denev's house has a colored facade (one of the few other houses in this style). The facade of the house is in one color and the facade is ornately painted. In this house, and in the house above St. Constantine and Helena Church, on the terrace and railings for preserved carving elements. Other iconic buildings: Sarafka House (built in 1861; five-storey wooden parapet of eight wooden columns with curved iron sticks enclosing the elongated eighth space of the lobby), Monkey House (built in 1849), Cocoon Anastasia House, Consular Houses and more.[12] They notice a new composition center - a lobby or lounge (glazed porch), a ground floor - a reception with an internal staircase and a covered yard for business. Support beams, facades and vestibule can be decorated with applications.[13] Revival houses that have been partially or completely rebuilt to date are: The house of cocoon Anastasia[14] The house with the monkey (rebuilt 1976),[15] the house of Boris Denev, the house of the architect, the consular houses[16] The Bey's House[17] Sarafkina House and others.[18]

  • The house of Boris Denev
  • Sarafkina House
  • The consular houses[19]
  • The house with the monkey

Renaissance Public buildings

Public buildings built by master Kolyu Ficheto during the Renaissance:Turkish Konak (Constituent Assembly Building), Inn of Hajji Nicoli.[20]

  • Inn of Hajji Nicoli(left)
  • Constituent Assembly Building

Baroque and Romanticism

The bourgeois houses are characterized by the replacement of the block construction with solid, stone and brick, the wooden joist with arches, iron beams and reinforced concrete construction. Since the beginning of the century, houses and public buildings have been built in the city, which have elements of modernism and Western European Baroque. architecture in the city, built at the beginning of the 20th century. Very common in Bulgarian Romanticism, which was owned by wealthier Bulgarians, is found on today's Independence Street.

  • The house of the metropolis
  • The house of the architect
  • The house of General Mihov
  • Town Gallery
  • First men's high school
  • Former factory

Socialist period

During the socialist period, most newly constructed buildings and cooperatives were built in the monolithic system. The buildings were characterized by clear and straight lines.[21]

  • Angel Popov School of Architecture and Surveying the project of the building is of arch. Nedelcho Paskalev[22]
  • Modern hotel

Modernism

In this style, there are different architectural trends. Increasingly, most commonly the glass is used as an element of the building

Public buildings

These types of buildings are arrays, with a different concept of the master or group of architects who designed the buildings.

  • Post office built 70s
  • Library
  • Cinema Poltava
  • Court

See also

References
  1. Димо Тонков Голямото земетресение от 1913 г. lyaskovets.net
  2. Архитект Донка Колева: „Старата столица пази уникални архитектурни образци от четири исторически периода“ borbabg.com 08.02.2017
  3. Маргарита Коева АРХИТЕКТУРА НА ВТОРОТО БЪЛГАРСКО ЦАРСТВО liternet.bg/
  4. Архитектура на средновековен Търновград. Царевец и Трапезица Софийски Университет "Св. Климент Охридски" Българска средновековна култура
  5. Стефан Бояджиев, Българската архитектура през VII-XIV в., Том 1: Дохристиянска архитектура
  6. Виталий Чеботар Църквата „Св. Марина” във Велико Търново – един от шедьоврите на Колю Фичетоpravmladeji.org/
  7. Църквата "Св. св. Константин и Елена" - Велико Търново opoznai.bg/
  8. Храм Св. Никола peika.bg
  9. Църкви на Кольо Фичето във В. Търново тънат в разруха dveri.bg/ цитиране статия от В. Борба 12 Август 2015
  10. Рени Първанова Търновци почистиха църквата „Св. Спас“ dariknews.bg,8 януари 2018
  11. Тодор Златев Българска битова архитектура. Книга 1
  12. Archives State Agency Bulgaria and Europe
  13. Architecture of houses in Veliko Tarnovov,veliko-tarnovo.bg,26th of January 2020
  14. Стилян НАЙДЕНОВ Къщата на Кокона Анастасия ще става хотел с градина за матинета и артпрояви,borbabg.com,22.06.2018
  15. Здравка МАСЛЯНКОВА Тайните и загадките на Къщата с маймунката dnesbg.com, 5 Февр. 2016
  16. Мариана Мелнишка Болярски хроники Трети Рим, Втори Константинопол, просто Търновград capital.bg/
  17. Ана Райковска Българин с американски паспорт дава нов живот на Бейската къща regnews.net,06 Oct 19
  18. Сарафкина къща - Регионален исторически музей - Велико Търново museumvt.com/
  19. Здравка Христова История за консулските къщи в старопрестолно Търново,desant.net/,09 Mарт 2016
  20. Конакът в Търново пази и днес духа на Колю Фичето,kmeta.bg/,04 ноември 2013
  21. арх. Анета Николова Василева БЪЛГАРСКАТА АРХИТЕКТУРА ПРЕЗ ВТОРАТА ПОЛОВИНА НА ХХ ВЕК Външни влияния и развитие на идентичността
  22. Професионална гимназия по строителство, архитектура и геодезия „Ангел Попов“ официална страница pgsagapvt.alle.bg/
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