Apostasia wallichii

Apostasia wallichii, commonly known as the yellow grass orchid,[2] is a species of orchid that is native to India, Japan, China, Southeast Asia, New Guinea and northern Australia. It has many arching, dark green, grass-like leaves and up to forty small, star-like yellow flowers arranged on a branched flowering stem. It mainly grows in wet forest and rainforest.

Yellow grass orchid
Apostasia wallachii growing near Cairns
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Apostasioideae
Genus: Apostasia
Species:
A. wallichii
Binomial name
Apostasia wallichii
Synonyms[1]
  • Mesodactylis wallichii (R.Br.) Endl.
  • Mesodactylis deflexa Wall.
  • Niemeyera stylidioides F.Muell.
  • Apostasia stylidioides (F.Muell.) Rchb.f.
  • Neumayera stylidioides (F.Muell.) Rchb.f.
  • Apostasia gracilis Rolfe
  • Apostasia alba Rolfe
  • Apostasia lucida Blume ex Siebe
  • Apostasia papuana Schltr.
  • Apostasia curvata J.J.Sm.
  • Apostasia wallichii var. seraweiensis J.J.Sm.
  • Apostasia nipponica Masam.
  • Apostasia wallichii subsp. nipponica (Masam.) Masam.
  • Apostasia wallichii var. nipponica (Masam.) Masam.

Description

Apostasia wallichii is a terrestrial, tuberous, evergreen herb, scarcely recognisable as an orchid. It has wiry, branched roots with fleshy, warty projections and an erect, fibrous stem with many grass-like leaves arranged in whorls along it. The leaves are dark green, thin and leathery 100–200 mm (4–8 in) long and up to 1 mm (0.04 in) wide. Between five and forty star-like, yellow flowers, 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide are arranged on branched flowering stems 50–100 mm (2–4 in) long and arising from leaf axils. The three sepals and three petals are all similar in size (4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long, 1–1.5 mm (0.04–0.06 in) wide), shape (narrow triangular) and colour. Flowering occurs between December and March in Australia and in August in China.[2][3][4][5]

Taxonomy and naming

Apostasia wallichii was first formally described in 1830 by Robert Brown. Brown's manuscript was published in Nathaniel Wallich's book, Plantae Asiaticae Rariores.[1][6] The specific epithet (wallichii) honours Nathaniel Wallich.[6]

Distribution and habitat

The yellow grass orchid grows in tropical forest and rainforest, sometimes near streams at altitudes of up to 1,000 m (3,000 ft). It is found in Hainan, south-west Yunnan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, southern Japan, Nepal, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, New Guinea and Queensland where if occurs between Bamaga and Ingham.[2][3][5]

References
  1. "Apostasia wallachii". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 352. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. "Apostasia wallichii". Flora of China. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  4. "Apostasia stylidioides". Trin keys: Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  5. "Apostasia wallichii". Orchids of New Guinea. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  6. Wallich, Nathaniel (1830). Plantae Asiaticae Rariores. London. pp. 75–76. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
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