Anogeissus acuminata

Anogeissus acuminata is a species of tree in the Combretaceae and has been called axlewood, buttontree[2] or Burmese-derived yon[3] (Burmese: ရုံး; MLCTS: rum:; IPA: [jṍʷ]) in English. It is now considered a synonym of Terminalia phillyreifolia (see #Taxonomy).

Anogeissus acuminata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Combretaceae
Genus: Anogeissus
Species:
A. acuminata
Binomial name
Anogeissus acuminata
(Roxb. ex Candolle) Guillemin et al.[1]
Synonyms

Conocarpus lanceolatus Heyne ex Wall.
Conocarpus hirtus Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.
Conocarpus acuminatus Roxb.
Anogeissus tonkinensis Gagnep.
Anogeissus pierrei Gagnep.
Anogeissus harmandii Pierre
Andersonia acuminata Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.

A medium-sized tree found in both primary and secondary tropical and sub-tropical forests, it may be one of the dominant species of deciduous forests of Vietnam;[4] it is recorded from the rest of Indochina, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar and Yunnan in China. In Yunnan it is found in rocky limestone areas, near sea level to 700 m.[5]

Besides timber uses, the bark of this species has a high tannin content.

Taxonomy

Reference has been made to the varieties:[6]

  • A. a. var. fischeri (M.G.Gangop. & Chakrab.) M.G.Gangop. & Chakrab.,
  • A. a. var. lanceolata Wall. ex C.B.Clarke occurring from India to Vietnam,
  • A. a. var. phillyreifolia (Van Heurck & Müller Argoviensis) Kurz, is "apparently restricted to Myanmar".

Plants of the World Online now refers to this species as a synonym of Terminalia phillyreifolia (Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.) Gere & Boatwr.[7] per an article published in 2017, with some genera including Anogeissus embedded into Terminalia.[8]

Description

In China, trees grow to 20 m tall, with a trunk to 1 m d.b.h.; elsewhere (Myanmar) they may be larger: up to 30 m tall and up to 2.4 or even 2.7 m girth, with a straight and cylindrical trunk.[9] Branchlets slightly pendent, slender, together with petioles and leaf blades golden villous when young. Petioles are cylindrical, 2–6 mm; leaf blades are lanceolate to narrowly so, 40-80 × 10–30 mm, abaxially grey-green and pilose mostly in axils of lateral veins, adaxially green and glabrous to glabrescent, base narrowed or obtuse, apex acuminate; lateral veins in 5-7 pairs, inconspicuous.

Flowers are numerous sessile on flower heads 9–13 mm in diameter; bracts are easily deciduous and linear, 4–5 mm long. Calyx tubes are approximately 5 mm long, abaxially yellow pubescent, densely so on ovary and tubular part, more sparsely so on cup-shaped part. Filaments 3–4 mm. Fruits are approximately 6 × 5 mm including a 'beak', ferruginous pubescent distally and on beak. Flowering is from February–March in Bangladesh and Thailand.

Vernacular names

Common names for A. acuminata[10] include:

  • Bengali: Itchri
  • Burmese: ရုံး (yon)
  • Chinese: 榆绿木 (yu lü mu)
  • Hindi: Dhau, Dhoy, धौरा Dhaura
  • Malayalam: Panchman, Vekkali
  • Tamil: நுந்நெரா Nunnera
  • Telugu: Bu-chakaram, Pasi Chettu, Pedda Manu(ailanthus excelsa)
  • Thai: ตะเคียนหนู
  • Urdu: Pasi
  • Vietnamese: Chò nhai (Râm, Xoi)

References
  1. Guillemin JBA, Perrottet GS, Leprieur FMR, Richard A (1832) Florae Senegambiae tentamen. Tomus primus: seu Historia plantarum in diversis Senegambiae regionibus a peregrinatoribus Perrottet et Leprieur detectarum 1: 280.
  2. Quattrocchi, Umberto (2012). CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. Boca Raton and London and New York: CRC Press. p. 314. ISBN 978-1-4822-5064-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  3. Trotter, H. (1941). The common commercial timbers of India and their uses. Delhi: Manager of Publications. p. 45.
  4. Blanc L, Maury-Lechon G, Pascal J-P (2000) Structure, floristic composition and natural regeneration in the forests of Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam: an analysis of the successional trends. Journal of Biogeography, 27: 141–157.
  5. Flora of China 13: 314. 2007
  6. Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A. (2014). Didžiulis V. (ed.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  7. POWO: Anogeissus acuminata (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guill. & Perr. (retrieved 24 September 2018)
  8. Maurin, Olivier; Gere, Jephris; van Der Bank, Michelle; Boatwright, James Stephen (2017). "The inclusion of Anogeissus, Buchenavia and Pteleopsis in Terminalia (Combretaceae: Terminaliinae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 184 (3): 312–325. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/box029.
  9. ITTO Tropical Forest News (accessed 27/12/2016)
  10. EOL (accessed on 26/12/2016)
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