Anejaculation

Anejaculation is the pathological inability to ejaculate despite an erection[1] in males, with (orgasmic) or without (anorgasmic) orgasm.

Causes

The following table shows the frequency of ability to ejaculate by type of spinal cord injury and stimulation method.[2]
	Masturbation or coitus	Penile vibratory stimulation	AchE inhibitor
Complete spinal cord injury	12%	47%	55%
Incomplete spinal cord injury	33%	53%	78%
Complete lesion of the sympathetic centres (T12 to L2)		None	5%
Complete lesion of the parasympathetic and somatic centres (S2 – S4)		None	31%
Complete lesion of all spinal ejaculation centres (T12 to S5)		None	0%
Complete lesion strictly above Onuf's nucleus (S2 – S4)		98%	98%
Complete lesion of the S2 – S4 segments		none	none

It can depend on one or more of several causes, including:

Sexual inhibition
Pharmacological inhibition. They include mostly antidepressant and antipsychotic medication, and the patients experiencing that tend to quit them[3]
Autonomic nervous system malfunction
Prostatectomy - surgical removal of the prostate.
Ejaculatory duct obstruction
Spinal cord injury causes sexual dysfunction including anejaculation. The rate of being able to ejaculate varies with the type of lesion, as detailed in the table at right.
Old age
Diabetes mellitus[1]

Anejaculation, especially the orgasmic variant, is usually indistinguishable from retrograde ejaculation. However, a negative urinalysis measuring no abnormal presence of spermatozoa in the urine will eliminate a retrograde ejaculation diagnosis. Thus, if the affected person has the sensations and involuntary muscle-contractions of an orgasm but no or very low-volume semen, ejaculatory duct obstruction is another possible underlying pathology of anejaculation.

Management

Anejaculation in spinal cord injury

The first-line method for sperm retrieval in men with spinal cord injury is penile vibratory stimulation (PVS).[2] The penile vibratory stimulator is a plier-like device that is placed around the glans penis to stimulate it by vibration. In case of failure with PVS, spermatozoa are sometimes collected by electroejaculation, or surgically by per cutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) or testicular sperm extraction (TESE).[2]

Notes

Meng, Xianghu; Fan, Longchang; Wang, Tao; Wang, Shaogang; Wang, Zengjun; Liu, Jihong (March 2018). "Electroejaculation combined with assisted reproductive technology in psychogenic anejaculation patients refractory to penile vibratory stimulation". Translational Andrology and Urology. 7 (S1): S17–S22. doi:10.21037/tau.2018.01.15. PMC 5881218. PMID 29644166.
Chehensse, C.; Bahrami, S.; Denys, P.; Clément, P.; Bernabé, J.; Giuliano, F. (2013). "The spinal control of ejaculation revisited: A systematic review and meta-analysis of anejaculation in spinal cord injured patients". Human Reproduction Update. 19 (5): 507–526. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt029. PMID 23820516.
Archived 2008-02-08 at the Wayback Machine (in Italian) and Archived 2014-01-31 at the Wayback Machine (in Italian)

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[pmid29644166-1] Meng, Xianghu; Fan, Longchang; Wang, Tao; Wang, Shaogang; Wang, Zengjun; Liu, Jihong (March 2018). "Electroejaculation combined with assisted reproductive technology in psychogenic anejaculation patients refractory to penile vibratory stimulation". Translational Andrology and Urology. 7 (S1): S17–S22. doi:10.21037/tau.2018.01.15. PMC 5881218. PMID 29644166.

[Chehensse2013-2] Chehensse, C.; Bahrami, S.; Denys, P.; Clément, P.; Bernabé, J.; Giuliano, F. (2013). "The spinal control of ejaculation revisited: A systematic review and meta-analysis of anejaculation in spinal cord injured patients". Human Reproduction Update. 19 (5): 507–526. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt029. PMID 23820516.

[3] Archived 2008-02-08 at the Wayback Machine (in Italian) and Archived 2014-01-31 at the Wayback Machine (in Italian)