Andricus dimorphus

Andricus dimorphus
	Andricus dimorphus galls on bur oak
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Cynipidae
Genus:	Andricus
Species:	A. dimorphus
Binomial name
	Andricus dimorphus; (Beutenmuller, 1913)
Synonyms
	Cynips dimorphus ; Adleria dimorpha ;

Andricus dimorphus, also called the clustered midrib gall wasp, is a species of oak gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. Galls in which the larvae live and feed are formed in clusters along the midrib on the underside of oak leaves.[1]

Range

This species has been found throughout central and eastern North America where its host species occur.[1][2][3]

Description

Confirmed hosts of the clustered midrib gall wasp are white oak species, including Quercus macrocarpa, Q. alba, Q. prinoides, and Q. bicolor.[1][2] Clusters of up to 50 globular (but with a pointed base), red-brown galls are formed along the midrib on the underside of leaves beginning in late summer.[1][2][3] The galls readily detach from the leaf, particularly when mature.[1][2][3] Adults emerge from the galls the following year.[2][3] Inquilines and parasitoids may inhabit the galls.[4]

Taxonomy

This species was first described by William Beutenmuller in 1913 with the name Cynips dimorphus.[2] According to Clarence Gillette, William Ashmead had already used this name by 1889 for a species that produces galls similar to those of Beutenmuller's Cynips dimorphus.[5] This species was later transferred to the genus Adleria which itself was subsequently included within Andricus.[6]

References

Weld, L. Hart. (1959). Cynipid galls of the Eastern United States. Ann Arbor, Mich.
Beutenmuller, William (1913). "Descriptions of new Cynipidae". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 39: 243–248.
Gillette, C.P. (1890). "The gall-producing Cynipidae of Iowa". Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences. 1: 110–114.
Ward, Anna K. G.; Sheikh, Sofia I.; Forbes, Andrew A. (2020-11-01). "Diversity, Host Ranges, and Potential Drivers of Speciation Among the Inquiline Enemies of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)". Insect Systematics and Diversity. 4 (6). doi:10.1093/isd/ixaa017.
Gillette, C. P. (1889). "Notes on Certain Cynipidae With Descriptions of New Species". Psyche. doi:10.1155/1889/26024. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W.G. (2002) Review of the World Genera of Oak Cynipid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). In: Melika, G. & Thuróczy, C. (Eds.), Parasitic Wasps: Evolution, Systematics, Biodiversity and Biolog-ical Control. International Symposium: “Parasitic Hymenoptera: Taxonomy and Biological Control” (14–17 May 2001, Kõszeg, Hungary). Agroinform, Budapest, pp. 150–190.

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[:2-1] Weld, L. Hart. (1959). Cynipid galls of the Eastern United States. Ann Arbor, Mich.

[:0-2] Beutenmuller, William (1913). "Descriptions of new Cynipidae". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 39: 243–248.

[:1-3] Gillette, C.P. (1890). "The gall-producing Cynipidae of Iowa". Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences. 1: 110–114.

[4] Ward, Anna K. G.; Sheikh, Sofia I.; Forbes, Andrew A. (2020-11-01). "Diversity, Host Ranges, and Potential Drivers of Speciation Among the Inquiline Enemies of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)". Insect Systematics and Diversity. 4 (6). doi:10.1093/isd/ixaa017.

[5] Gillette, C. P. (1889). "Notes on Certain Cynipidae With Descriptions of New Species". Psyche. doi:10.1155/1889/26024. Retrieved 2020-11-22.

[6] Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W.G. (2002) Review of the World Genera of Oak Cynipid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). In: Melika, G. & Thuróczy, C. (Eds.), Parasitic Wasps: Evolution, Systematics, Biodiversity and Biolog-ical Control. International Symposium: “Parasitic Hymenoptera: Taxonomy and Biological Control” (14–17 May 2001, Kõszeg, Hungary). Agroinform, Budapest, pp. 150–190.