Andrew Moravcsik

Andrew Maitland Moravcsik[1] (born 1957) is a Professor of Politics, director of the Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination, and founding director of the European Union Program and International Relations Faculty Colloquium at Princeton University. He holds a lifetime appointment as Distinguished Affiliated Professor at the Technische Universität München, in Munich, Germany.

Andrew Moravcsik
Born
Andrew Maitland Moravcsik

1957 (age 63–64)
Alma materStanford University
Johns Hopkins University
Harvard University
Spouse(s)Anne-Marie Slaughter
Scientific career
FieldsPolitical science
InstitutionsPrinceton University
Academic advisorsRobert Keohane Stanley Hoffmann

Moravcsik is known for his academic research and policy writing on European integration, international organizations, human rights, qualitative/historical methods, and American and European foreign policy, for developing the theory of liberal intergovernmentalism to explain EU politics, and for his work on liberal theories of international relations.[2] He is also active in teaching and developing qualitative methods, including the development of "active citation": a standard designed to render qualitative social science research transparent.[3] With nearly 40,000 academic citations , he is the most cited political scientist of his cohort.

Moravcsik is also a former policy-maker who currently serves as book review editor (Europe) of Foreign Affairs magazine. He was previously Nonresident Senior Fellow of The Brookings Institution,[4] contributing editor of Newsweek magazine and held other journalistic positions. He also writes popular and scholarly work on classical music, especially opera.

Academic career

Academic positions

In 1992 Moravcsik began teaching at Harvard University's Department of Government. During his 12-year tenure in the department, Moravcsik became a Full Professor and founded Harvard's European Union program. He left the school in 2004 to assume a post at Princeton University, where he again founded an EU program.[5] As of 2019, he directs the Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination at Princeton University, a research institute that focuses on questions of globalization, sovereignty and self-determination, with special attention to Europe, the European Union, and Eurasia. He has also been affiliated with the University of Chicago, Columbia University and New York University, as well as various French, British, German and Chinese research institutes.

At Princeton, Moravcsik teaches the introductory undergraduate course in international relations, the introductory course in political science and political communication skills for all MPA students at the Princeton School for Public and International Affairs, as well as masters and doctoral seminars. In addition to being the Director of the Liechtenstein Institute, Founding Director of the European Union Program, he is the Founding Chair of the International Relations Colloquium and serves on the executive committee of various centers and programs at Princeton. In 2011, Princeton University awarded Moravcsik the Stanley Kelley Teaching Prize.

Moravcsik's research has been supported by the National Science Foundation, Ford Foundation, Columbia University, Harvard University, German Marshall Fund, International Institute for Strategic Studies (London), Centre d'Etudes et Relations Internationales (Paris), and many other organizations. During the academic year 2007–2008 he was affiliated with the Shanghai Institute for International Studies.,[6] during the academic year 2011–2012, he was Visiting Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, during the 2015-2016 year, he was Senior Fellow at the German Marshall Fund in Washington, DC, and during 2019-2020 year, he was Distinguished Fellow at Perry World House, University of Pennsylvania.

Academic publications

Moravcsik has published one book, titled The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht, three edited volumes,[7] and over 150 scholarly book chapters, journal articles, and reviews. The book, which the American Historical Review called "the most important work in the field" of modern European studies,[8] attempts to explain why the member states of the European Union agreed to cede sovereignty to a supranational entity.

According to Google Scholar, The Choice for Europe has been cited at least 6980 times as of October 2020. In addition, seven articles authored by Moravcsik have been cited more than 1000 times as of the same date, and twenty-four have been cited more than 250 times. These include:

  • Moravcsik, Andrew (1993). "Preferences and power in the European Community: A liberal intergovernmentalist approach". Journal of Common Market Studies. 31 (4): 473–524. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5965.1993.tb00477.x. (cited 4360 times) [Named one of the "5 best articles of the decade" by JCMS]
  • Moravcsik, Andrew (1997). "Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics". International Organization. 51 (4): 513–53. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.201.2724. doi:10.1162/002081897550447. ISSN 0020-8183. JSTOR 2703498. (cited 3815 times)
  • Moravcsik, Andrew (1991). "Negotiating the Single European Act: National Interests and Conventional Statecraft in the European Community". International Organization. 45 (1): 19–56. doi:10.1017/S0020818300001387. ISSN 0020-8183. JSTOR 2706695. (cited 2173 times)
  • Moravcsik, Andrew (2002). "In Defense of the Democratic Deficit: Reassessing Legitimacy in the European Union" (PDF). Journal of Common Market Studies. 40 (4): 603–24. doi:10.1111/1468-5965.00390. Retrieved 2009-06-28. (cited 2069 times)
  • Kenneth Abbott, Robert Keohane, Andrew Moravcsik and Anne-Marie Slaughter, "The Concept of Legalization," International Organization, Volume 54, Issue 3 (Summer 2000), pp. 401–419. (cited 1914 times)
  • Moravcsik, Andrew (2003). "The origins of human rights regimes: Democratic delegation in postwar Europe". International Organization. 54 (2): 217–52. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.582.8837. doi:10.1162/002081800551163. JSTOR 2601297. (cited 1371 times)
  • Moravcsik, Andrew and Jeff Legro. "Is Anybody Still a Realist?" International Security 24:2 (1999), pp. 5–55. (cited 1079 times)
  • Moravcsik, Andrew. "Why the European Union Strengthens the State: Domestic Politics and International Cooperation" (Working Paper of the Minda de Gunzberg Center for European Studies, Harvard University, 1999) (cited 856 times plus 157 times in German translation)
  • Moravcsik, Andrew. "Liberal Intergovernmentalism and Integration: A Rejoinder," Journal of Common Market Studies, Volume 33, Issue 4, pages 611–628. (cited 957 times)
  • Moravcsik, Andrew. "Introduction: Integrating International and Domestic Theories of International Bargaining," in Peter Evans, Harold Jacobson and Robert Putnam, eds. Double-Edged Diplomacy: International Bargaining and Domestic Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), pp. 3–42. (cited 741 times)
  • Moravcsik, Andrew. "Is there a 'Democratic Deficit' in World Politics? A Framework for Analysis," Government and Opposition, Volume 39, Issue 2 (Spring 2004), pp. 336–363. (cited 722 times)
  • Moravcsik, Andrew. "A New Statecraft? Supranational Entrepreneurs and International Cooperation," International Organization 53:2 (Spring 1999), pp. 267–306. (cited 710 times)
  • Keohane, Robert, Andrew Moravcsik and Anne-Marie Slaughter. "Legalized Dispute Resolution: Interstate and Transnational," International Organization, Volume 54, Issue 3 (Summer 2000) pp. 457–488. (cited 670 times)
  • Moravcsik, Andrew and Milada Vachudova. "National Interests, State Power and European Enlargement," East European Politics and Society (2003). (cited 585 times)
  • Moravcsik, Andrew and Kalypso Nicolaidis. "Explaining the Treaty of Amsterdam: Interests, Influence, Institutions," Journal of Common Market Studies, Volume 37, Issue 1, pp. 57–85. (cited 529 times)

Moravcsik's "liberal intergovernmentalist" theory of European integration is widely regarded as a plausible account of the emergence and evolution of the European Union. It stresses the issue-specific functional national interests of member states and goes on to analyze the interstate bargains they strike among themselves and the rational incentive to construct institutions to render enforcement and elaboration of those bargains credible.[9] Quantitative studies of research citations in EU studies conclude that Liberal Intergovernmentalism currently serves as the "baseline" academic theory of European integration, that is, it is the theory that most often confirmed and taken as a baseline for further extensions or for identification of anomalies. A recent restatement of liberal intergovernmentalism, published in 2018, elaborates a future research agenda.

Regarding international relations theory more generally, Moravcsik is a "liberal", in that he seeks to explain state behavior with reference to variation in the underlying purposes ("preferences" or "fundamental national interests") that states derive from their embeddedness in an interdependent domestic and transnational civil society.[9][10] Liberal theory, in contrast to realist, institutionalist, and various types of "constructivist" or "non-rational" theory, privileges and directly theorizes social interdependence and globalization as the dominant force in world politics, past and present. Liberal theory, Moravcsik maintains, is not empirically sufficient to explain all of international relations, but it is analytically more fundamental than other types of international relations theory.

Moravcsik advocates greater transparency and replicability of textual, qualitative and historical research in international relations, political science, and the social sciences more generally. To this end, he has proposed the use of "active citation" the use of precise footnotes hyperlinked to source material contained in an appendix or on a permanent qualitative data repository. He is currently working with other scholars to realize this proposal.[11] However, Moravcsik himself has been criticized for imprecise and misleading use of historical sources in The Choice for Europe.[12]

Policy career

Policy roles

Prior to the start of his academic career, Moravcsik served in policy positions for governments on three continents. He was international trade negotiator at the US Department of Commerce, special assistant to South Korean Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hahn-Been, and press assistant at the Commission of the European Communities, as well as an editor of a Washington-based foreign policy journal.[13] He has subsequently served as a member and in leadership positions on policy commissions organized by the Council on Foreign Relations, the Brookings Institution, the Carnegie Endowment, the Commission of the European Communities, Princeton University and other organizations.

Since 2002, he has written over 150 pieces of public commentary. These include dozens of articles and commentaries, including cover stories, in Newsweek, Foreign Affairs and Prospect.[14][15] He has also written for the Financial Times, New York Times, and many other publications.[16] He has lectured about the European Union at The Pentagon,[17] was a guest on NPR's Talk of the Nation,[18] and has been quoted in multiple news sources, including Deutsche Welle,[19][20] International Herald Tribune,[17][21][22] and USA Today.[23] Since 2009, he has served as book review editor (Europe) for Foreign Affairs magazine. He continues to engage in regular policy analysis and advising, currently focusing on EU–US burden-sharing, the democratic deficit in Europe, transatlantic relations, the future of the European Union, and Asian regionalism. He is known for his argument that Europe is the world's "second superpower" and for a soberly optimistic assessments of the European Union. He has also written and spoken for The Atlantic and other media outlets on the desirability of men serving as the "lead parent" for children and playing an equal or more active role in caring work. He has also published photographs in the New York Times and elsewhere.

Musicological career

Moravcsik began publishing music criticism while an undergraduate at Stanford University. Over the past decade, he has published over 60 reviews and articles on opera in the Financial Times, New York Times, Opera, Opera News, Newsweek, Opera Today, and elsewhere.[24] He also conducts scholarly research on opera performance and history, which has appeared in Opera Quarterly, Wagner Quarterly, Opera and elsewhere. In his scholarly work on music, he currently directs a research project at Princeton University seeking to measure and explain the possible recent decline in quality of spinto and dramatic opera singing, particularly in heavier Verdi and Wagner roles. He is also co-principal investigator working with a national research team investigating the relatively low percentage of women hired as soloists by major symphony orchestras. He has written on the staging of Wagner operas.

Education

Moravcsik received a BA in history from Stanford University in 1980 and, after a period working in the US and Asia, spent the next year and a half as a Fulbright Fellow at the Universities of Bielefeld, Hamburg, and Marburg in West Germany. In 1982 he enrolled at the Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) in Washington, DC, from which he received a Master of Arts degree in international relations in 1984. In 1992 he obtained an MA and PhD in political science from Harvard University.

Personal life

Moravcsik is married to the political scientist, legal academic, international lawyer, university administrator, policy-maker feminist theorist and publicist, and think-tank director Anne-Marie Slaughter, with whom he has two sons.[25] As a young child, Moravcsik lived in New York, California, Pakistan, Italy, Japan, Scotland and Massachusetts. From age 10 to 18, he lived in Eugene, Oregon. His father, Michael Moravcsik (1928-1989), was a Hungarian immigrant to the United States who was active as a theoretical particle physicist, an expert on science development and a pioneer in the field of citation studies Michael Moravcsik was the son of Gyula Moravcsik (1892-1972), a professor of Byzantine history in Budapest, the grandson of Sandor Fleissig (1869-1939), a noted banker and government official in Budapest , the brother of Julius Moravcsik, a philosopher at Stanford University, and the brother of Edith A. Moravcsik, a linguist at the University of Wisconsin. Andrew Moravcsik's mother, Francesca de Gogorza, comes from a New England family of Basque, Hispanic, Dutch, German, Scottish and English ancestry. She worked as a landscape architect and urban planner, and now lives in South Burlington, Vermont, where she is active in retirement as a nationally ranked senior track and field athlete. Francesca is the daughter of Ernesto Maitland de Gogorza (1896-1941), a graphic artist and painter who taught art at Smith College . Moravcsik's sister, Julia Moravcsik, lives in Boulder, Colorado, and works as an industrial testing psychologist.

See also

References
  1. Moravcsik, A.M. (1992). National Preference Formation and Interstate Bargaining in the European Community, 1955-1986. Harvard University. Retrieved 2015-01-03.
  2. Andrew Moravcsik's Homepage Retrieved on 2009-06-28
  3. See articles and documents at Andrew Moravcsik's Homepage Section on Data and Methods Retrieved on 2013-11-15
  4. Brookings Institution Profile Retrieved on 2009-06-28
  5. Princeton University European Union Program Retrieved on 2009-06-28
  6. http://en.siis.org.cn/
  7. "Andrew Moravcsik's Home Page". princeton.edu. Retrieved 2015-01-03.
  8. Hitchcock, William I.; Moravcsik, Andrew (December 1999). "Review: The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht by Andrew Moravcsik". The American Historical Review. 104 (5): 1742–43. doi:10.2307/2649481. JSTOR 2649481.
  9. "Liberal Intergovernmentalism," in Antje Wiener and Thomas Diez, eds. European Integration Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009) Retrieved on 2009-06-28
  10. "Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics" International Organization (Autumn 1997) Retrieved on 2009-06-28
  11. "Active Citation: A Precondition for Replicable Qualitative Research Andrew Moravcsik, Princeton University" (PDF). 22 December 2009. Retrieved 2015-01-03.
  12. "Project MUSE - De Gaulle, Moravcsik, and The Choice for Europe : Soft Sources, Weak Evidence". muse.jhu.edu. Retrieved 2015-01-03.
  13. Andrew Moravcsik's Biography Retrieved on 2009-06-28
  14. Moravcsik, Andrew (2005-01-31). "Dream On America". Newsweek International. Archived from the original on January 24, 2005. Retrieved 2015-01-03.
  15. Moravcsik, Andrew (2007-03-26). "The Golden Moment". Newsweek International. Archived from the original on May 1, 2007. Retrieved 2015-01-03.
  16. "Selected Public Affairs Commentary". Andrew Moravcsik's Home Page. Princeton University. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
  17. Cohen, Roger (2004-04-30). "UNDER ONE FLAG : At EU milestone, U.S. is focused elsewhere". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
  18. "Dutch Vote on European Union Constitution". Talk of the Nation. National Public Radio. 2005-06-01. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
  19. "A Little Bit of the U.S. in the Future EU?". Deutsche Welle. 2003-06-06. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
  20. "Austria Hands EU Baton to Finland". Deutsche Welle. 2006-01-07. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
  21. Altman, Daniel (2005-02-11). "Letter from Syria: EU and U.S. compete for economic clients" (PHP). International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
  22. Bennhold, Katrin (2005-06-16). "EU to hold together, but with new focus" (PHP). International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 20 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
  23. Jackson, David (2006-06-22). "EU leaders lend U.S. support on Iran, N. Korea". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
  24. Andrew Moravcsik's Home Page Retrieved on 2009-06-28
  25. Andrew Moravcsik's Homepage Retrieved on 2009-06-28
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