Alpha-isomethyl ionone

Alpha-isomethyl ionone is a synthetically made and naturally occurring organic compound found in Brewer's yeasts or the species known as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[1] The compound is an isomer of methyl ionone. Alpha-isomethyl ionone can be colorless or pale-straw coloured liquid.[2] Its primary scent is flowery and secondary scent is violet. It may also have a woody or orris-like scent.[3] and is often used in flavouring and cosmetic industries for example, aftershave lotions, bath products, hair care products, moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos and skin care products.[4] It is also an ingredient used in Channel No. 5,[5] and other branded products such as Fidji by Guy Laroche.[6] Perfume fragrances that alpha-isomethyl ionone is used in are for example, amber, chypre, violet, mimosa, reseda, iris, orris, cyclamen, chypre, berries, woody notes, ylang-ylang, leather, orange, nut, pistachio, muscatel, and tobacco.[6]

Alpha-isomethyl ionone
Names
IUPAC name
(3E)-3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one
Other names
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.407
EC Number
  • 204-846-3
UNII
Properties
C14H22O
Molar mass 206.3239
Appearance liquid
Density 0.93 gcm −3 (20 ° C)
Boiling point 93 °C (199 °F; 366 K) (3.1 mmHg)
0.064 g/L
Hazards
Main hazards irritant, environmental hazard
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word Warning
H315, H317, H319, H411, H412
P261, P264, P272, P273, P280, P302+352, P305+351+338, P321, P332+313, P333+313, P337+313, P362, P363, P391, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Alpha-isomethyl ionone can be refined to Cetone alpha[7] which is also used as a fragrance compound. The difference between alpha-isomethyl ionone and cetone alpha is that cetone alpha has a stronger and more intense scent.[3]

Properties
Chanel No.5 Perfume

Alpha-isomethyl ionone consists of terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. They are extremely weak base. It's pKa value (strongest acidic) is 19.7 and it's pKa vlaue (strongest basic) is -4.8.[8] The percentage of alpha-isomethyl ionone used in perfumes are approximately ranging from 0.1% to 11.9%, with an average of 1.1%. For example, in It is usually used in conjunction with hydroxycitronellal, woody notes, copaiba, N-methyl Ionone, Ionone, or Vetiver.[6]

Synthesis

The synthesis of alpha-isomethyl ionone involves a cross- aldol condensation of citral with methyl ethyl ketone[9] A high temperature and strong alkali is used. The ratio between the n-form and iso-form is controlled in order to obtain methyl pseudo-ionone and allow ring formation to occur. Iso-forms is then synthesized consequently.[10]

References
  1. "alpha-Isomethyl-ionone (YMDB01634)". YMDB. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  2. "Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone". Cosmetic Info. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  3. "Frangrance Demo Formula". TGSC Information System. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  4. "Alfa-Isomethyl ionone". Chemo Technique Diagnostics. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  5. Kennedy, James. "Visual Ingredients Chanel No. 5" (PDF). James Kennedy Monash. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  6. "Alpha Isomethyl Ionone". Perfumes World. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  7. "ChemBK". Cetone alpha. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  8. "3-Methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one". Foodb. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  9. Burdock, George A. (29 July 2014). Encyclopedia of Food and Colour additives. ISBN 9781498711081. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  10. "ALPHA-ISO-METHYLIONONE". Chemical Book. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
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