Alexander Adriaenssen

Alexander Adriaenssen[1] (1587 in Antwerp – 1661 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter, particularly known for his still-lifes of fish and game pieces. He also painted banquet pieces with food and flower still lifes.[2]

Still life with artichokes in a silver gilt wine cistern and other silver objects

Life

Alexander Adriaenssen was born in Antwerp, the son of the famous Antwerp composer and lute player Emmanuel Adriaenssen and Sibilla Crelin. He was baptised on 17 January 1587 in the St. James' Church, Antwerp. His younger brother Vincent became a battle painter.[3] Another younger brother called Niclaes became a portrait painter and would in 1612 emigrate with his widowed mother to Haarlem.[4]

Fruits, dead birds and fish, touched by a cat

Alexander was registered as the pupil of Artus van Laeck in 1597. In 1610 he became a master of the Guild of St. Luke of Antwerp. As he had trained particularly in the art of painting coats of arms on parchment, he was registered as a water colour painter. He soon became skilled in painting with oil and specialized in still lifes. He was able to build his reputation with these works. Rubens was an admirer and bought two of Adriaenssen's works for his collection. Anthony van Dyck also appreciated the artist's output and painted his portrait, which was engraved by Antony van der Does.[3]

The artist married Maria Seeldraeyers on 2 February 1611. The couple had 6 children. The battle painter Peter Snayers was the godfather of one and Isabella Brandt, Rubens' first wife, the godmother of another.[3] When his brother Niclaes returned from Holland in 1616 he took up residence with Alexander.[4]

Still life with flowers in a glass vase, 1630s

In 1632 Philips Milcx became his pupil. Adriaenssen was one of the artists working on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand in 1635. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. For this project, Adriaenssen painted the coats of arms of the 17 provinces on the triumphal arches in honour of the new governor.[5]

Adriaenssen paid his dues of the Guild of St. Luke each year until 1633. He lived in Antwerp's centre on De Wapper, near Rubens.[3] He died in his house in 1661 and was buried on 30 October 1661 in the St. James' Church, Antwerp.[2]

Work

Alexander Adriaenssen was known for his still lifes of fruit and fish.[6] He also painted game pieces and four flower pieces. Flower pieces regularly appear in his banquet style still lifes. Works by him survive with dates from 1623 to 1661, but the peak of his career was approximately 1630–1650.[7] The signature "A. Neck" on one oil painting is probably a badly preserved instance of Adriaenssen's signature.[2][8]

Still life of a table with crockery, cheese, sausage and fish

Alexander Adriaenssen was influenced in his still-life motifs by Frans Snyders and as a result his still lifes often included artichokes, poultry and live cats.[7]

Alexander Adriaenssen also produced pronkstillevens (ostentatious still lifes) with expensive glasses and dishware. The subgenre of pronkstillevens was developed in Antwerp during the 1640s.[9]

Adriaenssen is known particularly for his renderings of raw fish, a common topic of Dutch still-life painters which he portrayed in more than 60 works, more than any other artist in 17th-century Antwerp.[7][10][11][12] Many of his fish still lifes were relatively small and inexpensive works.[13]

Stylistically, he was influenced by the school of Haarlem. His compositions are characterised by an asymmetrical diagonal layout—a triangle standing on end flanked by ellipses—with objects overlapping over multiple planes for greater depth.[7][13] He used a sober palette, which tended to the monochrome.[7] An important feature of his work was also its purity of colour.[14]

References
  1. Name variations: Alex Adriaenssen, Alexander Adrieanssen, Alexander Adriansen
  2. "Alexander Adriaenssen" at the Netherlands Institute for Art History (in Dutch)
  3. Frans Jozef Peter Van den Branden, Geschiedenis der Antwerpsche schilderschool, Antwerpen, 1883, pp. 656–657 (in Dutch)
  4. "Niclaes Adriaenssen" at the Netherlands Institute for Art History (in Dutch)
  5. J.J. Pérez Preciado, Alexander van Adrianssen in: Enciclopedia Museo Nacional del Prado (in Spanish)
  6. Arnold Houbraken, Alexander Adriaenssen biography in: De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen, 1718 (in Dutch)
  7. Hans Vlieghe, Flemish Art and Architecture, 1585–1700, Yale University Press Pelican history of art, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale, 1998, ISBN 9780300070385, p. 219.
  8. "A. Neck" at the Netherlands Institute for Art History (in Dutch)
  9. Walter A. Liedtke, Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2007, ISBN 9781588392732, pp. 32, 34.
  10. Julie Berger Hochstrasser, "From the Waters: Fish Still Life", in The Magic of Things: Still-Life Painting 1500–1800, ed. Jochen Sander, Exhibition catalogue, Städel Museum Frankfurt, Kunstmuseum Basel with Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2008, ISBN 9783775722070, pp. 185–211, p. 188.
  11. Peter C. Sutton, Marjorie E. Wieseman, et al., The Age of Rubens, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts; Harry N. Abrams, 1993, ISBN 9780810919358, p. 77.
  12. Eddy de Jongh, et al., ed. Liesbeth M. Helmus, Fish: still lifes by Dutch and Flemish masters 1550–1700, Exhibition catalogue, Utrecht: Centraal Museum, 2004, ISBN 9789059830059, p. 22.
  13. 54: Sea Fish and Oysters, Berger Hochstrasse, p. 198.
  14. Jay Jacobs, The Encyclopedia of World Art, London: Octopus, 1975, ISBN 9780706404951.

Further reading
  • Godelieve Spiessens. Leven en werk van de Antwerpse schilder Alexander Adriaenssen (1587–1661). Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België, Klasse der Schone Kunsten, 48. Brussels: AWLSK, 1990. ISBN 9789065694270. (in Dutch)
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