African black duck

The African black duck (Anas sparsa) is a species of duck of the genus Anas. It is genetically closest to the mallard group,[2] but shows some peculiarities in its behavior[3] and (as far as they can be discerned) plumage; it is accordingly placed in the subgenus Melananas pending further research.

African black duck
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Anseriformes
Family: Anatidae
Genus: Anas
Species:
A. sparsa
Binomial name
Anas sparsa
Eyton, 1838
Subspecies
  • A. s. sparsa Eyton, 1838
    South African black duck
  • A. s. leucostigma Rüppell, 1845
    pink-billed black duck

Description
African black duck

The African black duck is a black duck with pronounced white marks on its back, a dark bill, and orange legs and feet. A purpish-blue speculum is often visible, especially in flight. It lives in central and southern Africa. It is also known as the black river duck, or (A. s. leucostigma) West African black duck or Ethiopian black duck. It is a medium-sized duck, length 48–57 cm, with the male the larger.[3]

Distribution

The African black duck is mainly found in eastern and southern sub-Saharan Africa from South Africa north to South Sudan and Ethiopia with outlying populations in western equatorial Africa, in southeast Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon.[4]

Behavior and reproduction

It is a very shy and territorial duck. It is usually seen in pairs or small flocks. It breeds throughout the year in different areas. Incubation is about 30 days by the mother and the fledgling period is 86 days and only the mother takes care of the young. Their egg quantity ranges from 4 to 8 eggs.[5]

Ecology

Though it likes to stay in rivers and streams during the day it prefers large open waters during the night. This duck likes water in the wooded hills of Africa and hides its nest near running water. Also the African black duck makes its cup shaped nest of driftwood and matted grass. Though it builds its nest near water it is always above flood level and on the ground.[5]

Diet

It is an omnivore that feeds off of larvae and pupae usually found under rocks, aquatic animals, plant material, seeds, small fish, snails, and crabs.[5]

References
  1. BirdLife International (2012). "Anas sparsa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. Johnson, Kevin P.; Sorenson, Michael D. (1999). "Phylogeny and biogeography of dabbling ducks (genus Anas): a comparison of molecular and morphological evidence" (PDF). Auk. 116 (3): 792–805. doi:10.2307/4089339. JSTOR 4089339.
  3. Johnson, Kevin P.; McKinney, Frank; Wilson, Robert & Sorenson, Michael D. (2000). "The evolution of postcopulatory displays in dabbling ducks (Anatini): a phylogenetic perspective" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 59 (5): 953–963. doi:10.1006/anbe.1999.1399. PMID 10860522. S2CID 28172603. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-01-05.
  4. "African Black Duck (Anas sparsa)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lunx Edicions. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
  5. "Anas sparsa (African black duck)". Biodiversity Explorer. Iziko Museums of South Africa. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
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