Afifella

Afifella is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).[1][2][3][4][5][6] Afifella are found in marine and estuarine settings, including microbial mats.[3][4] [5][6] They are a anaerobes, with one cultured representative capable of photosynthesis.

Afifella
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
"Proteobacteria"
Class:
Alphaproteobacteria
Order:
Rhizobiales
Family:
Rhodobiaceae
Genus:
Afifella
Type species
A. marina

A. pfennigii

A. aestuarii

A. sp.

Etymology

The generic name Afifella derives from S. Afif, British philosopher and painter, in recognition of his expertise and guidance in the subject of the philosophical tendency of structuralism, essential for the development and understanding of taxonomy as a science.[7]

Species

The genus contains four species:[3][4] [5][6]

  • A. marina ((Imhoff 1984) Urdiain et al. 2009; Latin  marina meaning marine), was previously known as Rhodobium marinum and before that as Rhodopseudomonas marina.[3]
  • A. pfennigii ( (Caumette et al. 2007) Urdiain et al. 2009, ; New Latin pfennigii, of Pfennig, named after Norbert Pfennig, a German microbiologist) was previously known as Rhodobium pfennigii.[6]
  • A. aestuarii [5]
  • A. sp. [4]

Morphology and Physiology

A. marina is an anaerobe that produces hydrogen.[3] A. pfennigii is a motile, rod shaped, gram stain negative cell with a length of 1-2 μm and a width of 0.6 μm.[6]. A. sp. is an anaerobe. [4] A. aestuarii is a motile, oval or rod-shaped, gram-stain-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, pink-coloured phototrophic bacteria. [5]

Isolation

The four species of Afifella were isolated from coastal waters. A. marina was isolated from marine sponges on the Adriatic shore.[3] A. pfennigii was isolated from a benthic microbial mat from a brackish pond located on the Rangiroa atoll in the Tuamotu islands near Australia.[6] A. sp. was isolated from a laminated mat in Baja, Mexico. [4] A. aestuarii was isolated from an estuary near Pata, Gujarat, India.[5]

Culture and Growth

A. marina growth on a rhodospirillaceae medium (DSMZ Medium 27), at 25°C, with 3% NaCl, and is anaerobic in light.[3] A. pfennigii growth on a (DSMZ Medium 27), at 28°C, supplemented with 1% NaCl and 0.15% NaHCO3, and is anaerobic in light.[6] A. sp. growth on a centenum medium (DSMZ Medium 650), at 30°C, without vitamins B12 and pyruvate, with 25.0 g/l NaCl, and is anaerobic in light. [4] A. aestuarii requires thiamine to grow and is the only Afifella isolate capable of photolithoautotrophic, photoorganoheterotrophic and chemoorganoheterotrophic growth modes.[5]

Genome sequencing

A. marina is designated as strain DSM 2698T and has a GC content of 63.8 mol%.[3][5]A. pfennigii is designated as strain DSM17143T and has a GC content of 63.8 mol%.[6][5]A. aestuarii is designated as strain JA968T and has a GC content of 63.5 mol%. A comparison of the 16rRNA gene sequences showed that A. aestuarii strain JA968T was very similar to A. marina strain DSM 2698T at 99.9% similarity and A. pfennigii strain DSM17143T at 98.4% similarity. [5]

See also

References
  1. Classification of Genera AC entry in LPSN; Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 47 (2): 590–2. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. PMID 9103655.
  2. URDIAIN (M.), LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ (A.), GONZALO (C.), BUSSE (H.J.), LANGER (S.), KÄMPFER (P.) and ROSSELLÓ-MÓRA (R.): Reclassification of Rhodobium marinum and Rhodobium pfennigii as Afifella marina gen. nov. comb. nov. and Afifella pfennigii comb. nov., a new genus of photoheterotrophic Alphaproteobacteria and emended descriptions of Rhodobium, Rhodobium orientis and Rhodobium gokarnense. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2008, 31, 339-351.
  3. Reimer, L.C.; Sarda Carbasse, J.; Podstawka, A.; Overmann, J. (2019-11-29), "Strain-linked information about bacterial and archaeal biodiversity", Afifella marina (Imhoff 1984) Urdiain et al. 2009, DSMZ, doi:10.13145/bacdive13874.20191129.4.1, retrieved 2020-09-16
  4. Reimer, L.C.; Sarda Carbasse, J.; Podstawka, A.; Overmann, J. (2019-11-29), "Strain-linked information about bacterial and archaeal biodiversity", Afifella sp., DSMZ, doi:10.13145/bacdive1824.20191129.4.1, retrieved 2020-09-16
  5. Buddhi, Sailaja; G., Suresh; Gupta, Deepshikha; Ch., Sasikala; Ch. V., Ramana (2020). "Afifella aestuarii sp. nov., a phototrophic bacterium". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (1): 327–333. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003756. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 31592760.
  6. Reimer, L.C.; Sarda Carbasse, J.; Podstawka, A.; Overmann, J. (2019-11-29), "Strain-linked information about bacterial and archaeal biodiversity", Afifella pfennigii (Caumette et al. 2007) Urdiain et al. 2009, DSMZ, doi:10.13145/bacdive13876.20191129.4.1, retrieved 2020-09-16
  7. Afifella entry in LPSN; Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 47 (2): 590–2. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. PMID 9103655.
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