ANGPTL3

Angiopoietin-like 3, also known as ANGPTL3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANGPTL3 gene.[5][6]

ANGPTL3
Identifiers
AliasesANGPTL3, ANG-5, ANGPT5, ANL3, FHBL2, angiopoietin like 3
External IDsOMIM: 604774 MGI: 1353627 HomoloGene: 8499 GeneCards: ANGPTL3
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 1 (human)[1]
Band1p31.3Start62,597,520 bp[1]
End62,606,313 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

27329

30924

Ensembl

ENSG00000132855

ENSMUSG00000028553

UniProt

Q9Y5C1

Q9R182

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_014495

NM_013913

RefSeq (protein)

NP_055310

NP_038941

Location (UCSC)Chr 1: 62.6 – 62.61 MbChr 4: 99.03 – 99.05 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the angiopoietin-like family of secreted factors. It is expressed predominantly in the liver, and has the characteristic structure of angiopoietins, consisting of a signal peptide, N-terminal coiled-coil domain, and the C-terminal fibrinogen (FBN)-like domain. The FBN-like domain in angiopoietin-like 3 protein was shown to bind alpha-5/beta-3 integrins, and this binding induced endothelial cell adhesion and migration. This protein may also play a role in the regulation of angiogenesis.[5]

Angptl3 also acts as dual inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and endothelial lipase (EL),[7] thereby increasing plasma triglyceride, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in mice and humans.[7]

ANGPTL3 inhibits endothelial lipase hydrolysis of HDL-phospholipid (PL), thereby increasing HDL-PL levels. Circulating PL-rich HDL particles have high cholesterol efflux abilities.

Angptl3 plays a major role in promoting uptake of circulating triglycerides into white adipose tissue in the fed state,[8] likely through activation by Angptl8, a feeding-induced hepatokine,[9][10] to inhibit postprandial LPL activity in cardiac and skeletal muscles,[11] as suggested by the ANGPTL3-4-8 model.[12]

Clinical significance

In human, ANGPTL3 is a determinant factor of HDL level and positively correlates with plasma HDL cholesterol.

In humans with genetic loss-of-function variants in one copy of ANGPTL3, the serum LDL-C levels are reduced. In those with loss-of-function variants in both copies of ANGPTL3, low LDL-C, low HDL-C, and low triglycerides are seen ("familial combined hypolipidemia").[13]

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000132855 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028553 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. "Entrez Gene: ANGPTL3 angiopoietin-like 3".
  6. Conklin D, Gilbertson D, Taft DW, Maurer MF, Whitmore TE, Smith DL, et al. (December 1999). "Identification of a mammalian angiopoietin-related protein expressed specifically in liver". Genomics. 62 (3): 477–82. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.6041. PMID 10644446. S2CID 16567474.
  7. Tikka A, Jauhiainen M (May 2016). "The role of ANGPTL3 in controlling lipoprotein metabolism". Endocrine. 52 (2): 187–93. doi:10.1007/s12020-015-0838-9. PMC 4824806. PMID 26754661.
  8. Wang Y, McNutt MC, Banfi S, Levin MG, Holland WL, Gusarova V, et al. (September 2015). "Hepatic ANGPTL3 regulates adipose tissue energy homeostasis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (37): 11630–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.1515374112. PMC 4577179. PMID 26305978.
  9. Zhang R (August 2012). "Lipasin, a novel nutritionally-regulated liver-enriched factor that regulates serum triglyceride levels". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 424 (4): 786–92. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.038. PMID 22809513.
  10. Ren G, Kim JY, Smas CM (August 2012). "Identification of RIFL, a novel adipocyte-enriched insulin target gene with a role in lipid metabolism". American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 303 (3): E334-51. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00084.2012. PMC 3423120. PMID 22569073.
  11. Fu Z, Abou-Samra AB, Zhang R (December 2015). "A lipasin/Angptl8 monoclonal antibody lowers mouse serum triglycerides involving increased postprandial activity of the cardiac lipoprotein lipase". Scientific Reports. 5: 18502. doi:10.1038/srep18502. PMC 4685196. PMID 26687026.
  12. Zhang R (April 2016). "The ANGPTL3-4-8 model, a molecular mechanism for triglyceride trafficking". Open Biology. 6 (4): 150272. doi:10.1098/rsob.150272. PMC 4852456. PMID 27053679. Archived from the original on 2018-08-04. Retrieved 2016-04-15.
  13. Musunuru K, Pirruccello JP, Do R, Peloso GM, Guiducci C, Sougnez C, et al. (December 2010). "Exome sequencing, ANGPTL3 mutations, and familial combined hypolipidemia". The New England Journal of Medicine. 363 (23): 2220–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1002926. PMC 3008575. PMID 20942659.

Further reading

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