ADARB1

Double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADARB1 gene.[5][6][7]

ADARB1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1ZY7, 5ED1, 5ED2, 5HP3, 5HP2
Identifiers
Aliases	ADARB1, ADAR2, DRABA2, DRADA2, RED1, adenosine deaminase, RNA specific B1, adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1, NEDHYMS
External IDs	OMIM: 601218 MGI: 891999 HomoloGene: 8280 GeneCards: ADARB1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 21 (human)[1] Band 21q22.3 Start 45,073,853 bp[1] End 45,226,560 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2] Band 10 C1|10 39.72 cM Start 77,290,726 bp[2] End 77,418,270 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • metal ion binding • adenosine deaminase activity • GO:0001948 protein binding • RNA binding • double-stranded RNA binding • mRNA binding • hydrolase activity • double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity • tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase activity Cellular component • nucleoplasm • nucleolus • cell nucleus • cytosol • cytoplasm Biological process • RNA processing • immune system process • mRNA processing • base conversion or substitution editing • regulation of cell cycle • negative regulation of cell migration • defense response to virus • negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation • positive regulation of viral genome replication • innate immune system • adenosine to inosine editing • negative regulation of cell proliferation • neuromuscular synaptic transmission • facial nerve morphogenesis • hypoglossal nerve morphogenesis • spinal cord ventral commissure morphogenesis • multicellular organism growth • neuromuscular process controlling posture • innervation • muscle tissue morphogenesis • motor behavior • motor neuron apoptotic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	104	110532
Ensembl	ENSG00000197381	ENSMUSG00000020262
UniProt	P78563	Q91ZS8
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001033049 NM_001112 NM_001160230 NM_015833 NM_015834 NM_001346687 NM_001346688	NM_001024837 NM_001024838 NM_001024839 NM_001024840 NM_130895
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001103 NP_001153702 NP_001333616 NP_001333617 NP_056648 NP_056649	NP_001020008 NP_570965 NP_001020009
Location (UCSC)	Chr 21: 45.07 – 45.23 Mb	Chr 10: 77.29 – 77.42 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. Studies in rats found that this enzyme acted on its own pre-mRNA molecules to convert an AA dinucleotide to an AI dinucleotide which resulted in a new splice site. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants, some of which have been characterized by the presence or absence of an ALU cassette insert and a short or long C-terminal region.[7]

ADARB1 (ADAR2) requires the small molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (IP₆) for proper function.[8] ADAR2 is an A-to-I RNA-editing enzyme that mostly acts on protein-coding substrates.[9]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197381 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020262 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Mittaz L, Scott HS, Rossier C, Seeburg PH, Higuchi M, Antonarakis SE (April 1997). "Cloning of a human RNA editing deaminase (ADARB1) of glutamate receptors that maps to chromosome 21q22.3". Genomics. 41 (2): 210–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4655. PMID 9143496.
6. Keegan LP, Leroy A, Sproul D, O'Connell MA (Feb 2004). "Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs): RNA-editing enzymes". Genome Biology. 5 (2): 209. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-2-209. PMC 395743. PMID 14759252.
7. "Entrez Gene: ADARB1 adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1 (RED1 homolog rat)".
8. Macbeth MR, Schubert HL, Vandemark AP, Lingam AT, Hill CP, Bass BL (September 2005). "Inositol hexakisphosphate is bound in the ADAR2 core and required for RNA editing". Science. 309 (5740): 1534–9. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1534M. doi:10.1126/science.1113150. PMC 1850959. PMID 16141067.
9. Licht K, Jantsch MF (April 2016). "Rapid and dynamic transcriptome regulation by RNA editing and RNA modifications". The Journal of Cell Biology. 213 (1): 15–22. doi:10.1083/jcb.201511041. PMC 4828693. PMID 27044895.

Further reading

• Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C, Jacotot E, Lluis C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R (1997). "HIV-1 envelope gp120 and viral particles block adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26". Cellular Peptidases in Immune Functions and Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 421. pp. 185–92. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_24. ISBN 978-1-4757-9615-5. PMID 9330696.
• Melcher T, Maas S, Herb A, Sprengel R, Seeburg PH, Higuchi M (February 1996). "A mammalian RNA editing enzyme". Nature. 379 (6564): 460–4. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..460M. doi:10.1038/379460a0. PMID 8559253. S2CID 4326456.
• O'Connell MA, Gerber A, Keller W (January 1997). "Purification of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) involved in editing of brain glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (1): 473–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.1.473. PMID 8995285.
• Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C, Jacotot E, Lluis C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R (April 1997). "Adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26 is inhibited by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and viral particles". Journal of Immunology. 158 (8): 3721–9. PMID 9103436.
• Lai F, Chen CX, Carter KC, Nishikura K (May 1997). "Editing of glutamate receptor B subunit ion channel RNAs by four alternatively spliced DRADA2 double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 17 (5): 2413–24. doi:10.1128/MCB.17.5.2413. PMC 232090. PMID 9111310.
• Yang JH, Sklar P, Axel R, Maniatis T (April 1997). "Purification and characterization of a human RNA adenosine deaminase for glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA editing". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 94 (9): 4354–9. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.4354Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4354. PMC 20726. PMID 9113993.
• Gerber A, O'Connell MA, Keller W (May 1997). "Two forms of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) generated by the insertion of an Alu cassette". RNA. 3 (5): 453–63. PMC 1369496. PMID 9149227.
• Villard L, Tassone F, Haymowicz M, Welborn R, Gardiner K (March 1997). "Map location, genomic organization and expression patterns of the human RED1 RNA editase". Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics. 23 (2): 135–45. doi:10.1007/BF02679972. PMID 9330641. S2CID 45104326.
• Blanco J, Valenzuela A, Herrera C, Lluís C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R (July 2000). "The HIV-1 gp120 inhibits the binding of adenosine deaminase to CD26 by a mechanism modulated by CD4 and CXCR4 expression". FEBS Letters. 477 (1–2): 123–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01751-8. PMID 10899322. S2CID 22229481.
• Herrera C, Morimoto C, Blanco J, Mallol J, Arenzana F, Lluis C, Franco R (June 2001). "Comodulation of CXCR4 and CD26 in human lymphocytes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (22): 19532–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004586200. PMID 11278278.
• Maas S, Patt S, Schrey M, Rich A (December 2001). "Underediting of glutamate receptor GluR-B mRNA in malignant gliomas". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (25): 14687–92. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9814687M. doi:10.1073/pnas.251531398. PMC 64742. PMID 11717408.
• Jayan GC, Casey JL (April 2002). "Increased RNA editing and inhibition of hepatitis delta virus replication by high-level expression of ADAR1 and ADAR2". Journal of Virology. 76 (8): 3819–27. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.8.3819-3827.2002. PMC 136091. PMID 11907222.
• Jaikaran DC, Collins CH, MacMillan AM (October 2002). "Adenosine to inosine editing by ADAR2 requires formation of a ternary complex on the GluR-B R/G site". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (40): 37624–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204126200. PMID 12163487.
• Jayan GC, Casey JL (December 2002). "Inhibition of hepatitis delta virus RNA editing by short inhibitory RNA-mediated knockdown of ADAR1 but not ADAR2 expression". Journal of Virology. 76 (23): 12399–404. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.23.12399-12404.2002. PMC 136899. PMID 12414985.
• Slavov D, Gardiner K (October 2002). "Phylogenetic comparison of the pre-mRNA adenosine deaminase ADAR2 genes and transcripts: conservation and diversity in editing site sequence and alternative splicing patterns". Gene. 299 (1–2): 83–94. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01016-8. PMID 12459255.

External links

• Human ADARB1 genome location and ADARB1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.