938 Chlosinde

938 Chlosinde (prov. designation: A920 RC or 1920 HQ) is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid, approximately 33 kilometers (21 miles) in diameter, from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany on 9 September 1920.[1] The C-type asteroid has an ambiguous rotation period of 13.7 or 19.2 hours. It was named "Chlosinde", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.[2]

938 Chlosinde
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date9 September 1920
Designations
(938) Chlosinde
Named after
Name picked from the almanac
Lahrer Hinkender Bote [2]
A920 RC · 1948 RJ
1920 HQ
main-belt [1][3] · (outer)
Themis [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc99.32 yr (36,278 d)
Aphelion3.7644 AU
Perihelion2.5322 AU
3.1483 AU
Eccentricity0.1957
5.59 yr (2,040 d)
265.87°
0° 10m 35.04s / day
Inclination2.6698°
119.07°
225.87°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
  • 23.70±1.62 km[6]
  • 26.79±2.5 km[7]
  • 33.466±0.164 km[8]
  • 0.069±0.029[8]
  • 0.1178±0.025[7]
  • 0.151±0.022[6]
C (SDSS-MOC)[12]
11.3[1][3]

    Orbit and classification

    When applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements, Chlosinde is a core member of the Themis family (602), a very large family of carbonaceous asteroids, named after 24 Themis.[4][5][13]:23 It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,040 days; semi-major axis of 3.15 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg Observatory on 10 September 1920, the night after its official discovery observation.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named "Chlosinde", after a female name picked from the Lahrer Hinkender Bote, published in Lahr, southern Germany.[2][14] A Hinkender Bote (lit. "limping messenger") was a very popular almanac, especially in the alemannic-speaking region from the late 17th throughout the early 20th century. The calendar section contains feast days, the dates of important fairs and astronomical ephemerides. For 21 June, the calendar gives "Chlosinde" as the German name day analogue next to Albanus and Aloisius, the protestant and catholic entries in the calendar of saints, likely referring to Saint Alban and Aloysius Gonzaga.[15]

    Reinmuth's calendar names

    As with 22 other asteroids – starting with 913 Otila, and ending with 1144 Oda – Reinmuth selected names from this calendar due to his many asteroid discoveries that he had trouble thinking of proper names. These names are not related to the discoverer's contemporaries. Lutz Schmadel, the author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names learned about Reinmuth's source of inspiration from private communications with Dutch astronomer Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, who worked as a young astronomer at Heidelberg.[2]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SDSS-based taxonomy, Chlosinde is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid,[12] which agrees with the Themis family's overall spectral type.[13]:23

    Rotation period

    In August 2010, a rotational lightcurve of Chlosinde was obtained from photometric observations by Robert Stephens at the Santana Observatory (646) and Goat Mountain Astronomical Research Station (G79) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 19.204±0.006 hours with a low brightness variation of 0.16±0.03 magnitude, indicative of a rather spherical shape (U=2). However the result is ambiguous with an alternative period solution of 13.72 hours.[11] In September 2010, Larry Owings determined at period of 13.702±0.003 hours with an amplitude of 0.12±0.01 magnitude at the Barnes Ridge Observatory in California (U=2).[9]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Chlosinde measures (23.70±1.62), (26.79±2.5) and (33.466±0.164) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.151±0.022), (0.1178±0.025) and (0.069±0.029), respectively.[6][7][8]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0756 and a diameter of 26.56 km based on an absolute magnitude of 11.3.[10] Further published mean-diameters and albedos by he WISE team include (27.255±6.661 km), (33.97±0.32 km), and (36.146±0.366 km) with corresponding albedos of (0.0565±0.0310), (0.046±0.009), and (0.0647±0.0112).[5][10]

    References
    1. "938 Chlosinde (A920 RC)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(938) Chlosinde". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 83. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_939. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 938 Chlosinde (A920 RC)" (2020-01-07 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
    4. "Asteroid 938 Chlosinde – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 938 Chlosinde". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
    6. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 16 February 2020. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
    8. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    9. Owings, Larry E. (July 2011). "Lightcurves for 938 Cholsinde, 1342 Brabantia, 2715 Mielikki, and 3252 Johnny" (PDF). The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (3): 141. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..141O.
    10. "LCDB Data for (938) Chlosinde". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 16 February 2020.
    11. Stephens, Robert D. (January 2011). "Asteroids Observed from GMARS and Santana Observatories: 2010 July - September" (PDF). The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (1): 23–24. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38...23S.
    12. Carvano, J. M.; Hasselmann, P. H.; Lazzaro, D.; Mothé-Diniz, T. (February 2010). "SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 510: 12. Bibcode:2010A&A...510A..43C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913322. Retrieved 30 October 2019. (PDS data set)
    13. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV: 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016.
    14. "Lahrer hinkender Bote – Kalender 1925". Badischen Landesbibliothek. 1925. p. 1. Retrieved 16 February 2020. Lahrer Bote index
    15. "Lahrer hinkender Bote – Kalender 1925". Badischen Landesbibliothek. 1925. p. 12. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
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