638th Aero Squadron

The 638th Aero Squadron was an Air Service, United States Army unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I.

638th Aero Squadron
638th Aero Squadron, pilots, Lay-Saint-Remy Aerodrome, France, November 1918
Active30 August 1917 – 30 July 1919
Country United States
Branch  Air Service, United States Army
TypeSquadron
RolePursuit
Part ofAmerican Expeditionary Forces (AEF)
Engagements
World War I

Occupation of the Rhineland
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Lt. Fred B. Ashworth[1]
Insignia
638th Aero Squadron Emblem
Aircraft flown
FighterSopwith Camel F.1, 1918-1919[2]
Service record
Operations 5th Pursuit Group
Western Front, France: 28 October – 11 November 1918[3]
Not fully equipped at time of the armistice, did not see any combat.

The squadron was assigned as a Day Pursuit (Fighter) Squadron as part of the 5th Pursuit Group, Second United States Army. Its mission was to engage and clear enemy aircraft from the skies and provide escort to reconnaissance and bombardment squadrons over enemy territory.[4]

The squadron was never fully organized, and with Second Army's planned offensive drive on Metz canceled due to the 1918 Armistice with Germany, the squadron was assigned to the United States Third Army as part of the Occupation of the Rhineland in Germany. It returned to the United States in July 1919 and was demobilized.[2][5]

The squadron was never re-activated, and there is no United States Air Force or Air National Guard squadron that carries its lineage and history.

History
638th Aero Squadron formation at Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome, France

The 638th Aero Squadron was organized as the 117th Aero Squadron on 30 August 1917 at Kelly Field, Texas. While at Kelly Field, the squadron received its preliminary indoctrination training and performed the usual camp fatigue duties. On 26 October, the squadron received orders for overseas duty, and proceeded to the Aviation Concentration Center, Mineola Field, Long Island, New York, arriving on 31 October. While there, the squadron contributed its share of labor towards the construction of the facility and went through the process of equipping and preparing for foreign service.[2]

The squadron moved to the Port of Entry, Hoboken, New Jersey on 16 December, and boarded the Cunard Liner SS Orduna on 17 December, bound for Liverpool, England. The voyage across the Atlantic was uneventful with the exception of extremely rough weather on Christmas Day. Also, a pilot boat was sunk off the Irish Coast by a mine or a submarine. This forced a change of destination, the Orduna turning into the River Clyde and docking in Glasgow, Scotland on 31 December. From there, the squadron traveled by train to the Morn Hill Rest Camp, Winchester, arriving on 1 January 1918.[2]

At Winchester, the squadron was detached to the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) for advanced training. It was divided into flights, with "A" flight being sent to RFC Harlaxton; "B" flight to RFC Spittlegate, and "C" and "D" flights sent to RFC Catterick. At these stations, the men were trained in aircraft construction, engine maintenance, motor transport, and other skills. The flights were subsequently sent to several other RFC stations until being re-united at Camp Flower Down, Winchester on 17 August. There, the men were given a final examination and review by the British before receiving orders for the front.[2]

The now 638th Aero Squadron moved to Southampton, and crossed the English Channel, arriving at American Rest Camp #2, Le Havre, France on 28 August. It then was moved to the Replacement Concentration Center, AEF, at St. Maixent Replacement Barracks, where it arrived on 31 August. There, the squadron was equipped with steel helmets firearms, and gas masks. It was also designated as a Pursuit Squadron. It then was ordered to proceed to the 1st Air Depot at Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome on 26 October. There, all preparations were made for active service as a Pursuit Squadron, with pilots and an armament officer being assigned. On 5 November, sixteen British Sopwith Camel F.1s were assigned to the squadron. On the 14th, together with the 41st and 138th Aero Squadrons, the 638th traveled from Colombey to its new aerodrome at Lay-Saint-Remy.[2]

Post-Armistice activities

At Lay-Saint-Remy Aerodrome, the three squadrons constituted the 5th Pursuit Group, Air Service, Second Army. Despite the Armistice being signed, the squadron engaged in flying flew proficiency flights, training in formation flying, patrols, and in air combat being on the schedule each day the weather permitted, although all flying was performed in friendly territory. Also, demonstration flying was performed for various events to thrill the crowd and to demonstrate to the other branches of the service the capabilities of the Air Service. The pilots were skilled in aerobatic flying, and no accidents ever resulted from an exhibition.[6]

On 15 April 1919, orders were received that the Second Army Air Service was being demobilized. The entire 5th Pursuit Group was ordered to Coblenz, Germany to become part of the Third Army Air Service. The squadron prepared to move, and their equipment and supplies were moved the 200-odd miles in their own trucks. The enlisted personnel moved by rail and also by truck, while the pilots ferried their aircraft to their new airfield in the Rhineland.[7]

The squadron made itself comfortable in Fort Kaiser Alexander, which was built by Wilhelm Hohenzollern's grandfather. The fort commanded a high ridge between the Rhine and Moselle rivers, overlooking the city. At Coblenz, the groups flew a mixture of their assigned aircraft, and also they were was able to perform test flights on surrendered German aircraft. Flights of the Fokker D.VII, Pfalz D.XII, Halberstadts and Rumpler aircraft were made and evaluations were made.[7]

Demobilization

The entire air service of the Third Army, excepting that of the III Corps Observation Group at Weißenthurm Airdrome, was relieved from further duty with the Third Army, on 12 May 1919 and ordered demobilized. The 638th Aero Squadron was ordered to proceed to the 1st Air Depot at Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome, France for subsequent demobilization. The squadron's Sopwith aircraft were delivered to the Air Service American Air Service Acceptance Park No. 1 at Orly Aerodrome to be returned to the British. There practically all of the pilots and observers were detached from the squadron.[7][8]

Personnel at Colombey were subsequently assigned to the commanding general, services of supply, and ordered to report to one of several staging camps in France. There, personnel awaited scheduling to report to one of the base ports in France for transport to the United States and subsequent demobilization. The 638th Aero Squadron arrived in New York Harbor in late July and arrived in New York Harbor. It was sent to Mitchell Field, Long Island, where it was demobilized in July 1919.[5]

Lineage
  • Organized as 117th Aero Squadron on 30 August 1917
Re-designated: 638th Aero Squadron on 1 February 1918
Re-designated: 638th Aero Squadron (Pursuit) on 31 August 1918
Demobilized on 31 July 1919[2]

Assignments

Stations

Enemy aircraft flown for evaluation

See also

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

  1. www.usaww1.com 5th Pursuit Group
  2. Series "E", Volume 24, History of the 636th-667th Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
  3. Series "H", Section "O", Volume 29, Weekly Statistical Reports of Air Service Activities, October 1918-May 1919. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
  4. Maurer, Maurer (1978), The US Air Service in World War I, The Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF Washington
  5. Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the First World War, Volume 3, Part 3, Center of Military History, United States Army, 1949 (1988 Reprint)
  6. Series "P", Volume 1, History of Headquarters, Third Army Air Service. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
  7. Series "O", Volume 22, Weekly Statistical Reports on the progress of Air Service Activities, October 1918-May 1919. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
  8. Series "D", Weekly Statistical Reports of Air Service Activities, October 1918-May 1919. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
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