3rd Separate Special-Purpose Brigade

The Minsk-based 3rd Separate Red Banner Special-Purpose Brigade (Russian: 3-я отдельная Краснознаменная бригада специального назначения), also known as Military Unit 3214 and nicknamed the Uruchenskaya Brigade[1] is a formation of the Internal Troops of Belarus. It is part of the special police (riot police) system in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.[2] It has the specific role of performing crowd control and anti-terrorism tasks. It is based in the neighborhood of Uruchie in Minsk and is under the command of Vladimir Zhiznevsky, who is under sanctions by the European Union and was recommended to be sanctioned by the United States.[3][4]

Unit shoulder patch.

History

Unit 3214 originates from the 287th Rifle Regiment of the NKVD, which was created on 6 March 1942 in the city of Voronezh on the basis of a battalion of the 73rd Regiment of the 3rd NKVD Division (ru:3-я_дивизия_войск_НКВД_по_охране_железнодорожных_сооружений_(1-го_формирования)). Although originally created for the protection of railway structures, the regiment took part in battles against the invading German Wehrmacht in Voronezh, performing in combat missions in the North Caucasus as well. In 1975, the brigade was awarded the Order of the Red Banner by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. The brigade also took part in eliminating the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, as well as settling interethnic conflicts in the Nagorno-Karabakh region. The modern unit was formed in the 1990s on the basis of the 334th Regiment of the 120th Guards Motor Rifle Division. A Special Rapid Response Unit was established on 29 June 1999 on the basis of the Unit 3214.[5] On 13 October 2006, by a presidential decree, the 3rd Separate Red Banner Operational Vrigade was renamed into the 3rd Separate Red Banner Special Purpose Brigade of the Internal Troops.[6] In 2020, a dormitory was built on the territory of the unit, having 116 studios and 26 one-bedroom apartments. It is primarily meant for single servicemen as well as fourth-year cadets of the Internal Troops Faculty of the Military Academy of Belarus.[7]

Role within the Internal Troops
Brigade personnel during the 2020 protests.

The number of personnel in the unit ranges from 1500 to 2000 people. The brigade includes special-purpose battalions, a special rapid reaction unit (SOBR) and support units. SOBR is the youngest rapid response unit in Belarus. In peacetime, the brigade's personnel participate in maintaining public order and often go on missions outside of Minsk. During opposition rallies in the capital, the brigade is usually kept in reserve and used only in the most extreme cases.[8] Members of the Honor Guard Company of the Minsk Military Commandant are also subordinated to the brigade.[9][10]

2020 protests

The unit became more contreverisial during the 2020 Belarusian protests, being one of the enforcers of state policy after the Belarusian presidential election along with the OMON and Almaz units. President Alexander Lukashenko visited the unit's headquarters days before the election, watching tactical excersises, during which he called on the unit to maintain its combat readiness.[11] The Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta wrote that the beatings and arrests that occurred on 10 August 2020, were ordered by the retired commander of Military Unit 3214, Dmitry Pavlichenko, who had been previously arrested for serious crimes.[12]

Characteristics
The Special Purpose Unit of Belarus of the Internal Troops.

Today, it is the only unit in Belarus that has the right to wear a maroon beret. The symbol of the brigade is the lynx, a Belarusian predator.[13] Its brigade holiday is on 4 September.[14] A former officer of the brigade described the men in its ranks as "zombies", claiming that they have been brainwashed. According to him, their motto is "I serve the country and the President".[15]

Unit Patches
  • Honor Guard Patch
  • Special Operations Ensuring Company
  • Technical Support Company patch
  • Reconnaissance Company
  • Special Forces Company patch

See also

References
  1. "Minsk riot militia headed by former commander of brigade of internal troops". charter97.org. Retrieved 2020-07-03.
  2. "Is Lukashenka about to introduce martial law? | BelarusDigest".
  3. "Лукашенко продолжает посещать силовиков: сегодня он отправился к спецназу МВД". naviny.by. July 28, 2020.
  4. https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/09/15/CREC-2020-09-15-pt1-PgH4386.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwio-9iRveDsAhUGbq0KHamMCzoQFjAFegQICxAJ&usg=AOvVaw29ILxE88nzmlK46CP1eSiC
  5. Мартынюк, Эдуард (March 18, 2016). "Спецназ в спецназе: столичный СОБР реорганизован в отдельную воинскую часть ВВ МВД".
  6. "Какие спецподразделения есть у белорусского МВД". thinktanks.by.
  7. "Events | The Official Internet Portal of the President of the Republic of Belarus". president.gov.by.
  8. "3-я отдельная Краснознаменная бригада специального назначения Беларуссии". sof-mag.ru.
  9. https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=EpCVJnl0z9o
  10. "Взгляд на будни роты почетного караула". SB.BY.
  11. https://www.tvr.by/eng/news/obshchestvo/prezident_poseshchaet_voyskovuyu_chast_3214/
  12. Ирина Халип (15 August 2020). "Каратель по вызову: Избиениями и задержаниями в Минске 10 августа командовал отставной командир "эскадрона смерти"".
  13. "История войсковой части 3214 (3-я отдельная краснознамённая бригада специального назначения)". Форум спецназа ВВ МВД РБ (в/ч 3214).
  14. "3214 😼 — ЧЕСТЬ". chest.by.
  15. "Belarus Detains Alleged Russian Mercenaries As Lukashenka Declares Elections "Secondary" To Stability". Current Time English.
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