2020 Hpakant jade mine disaster

The Hpakant jade mine disaster was a mining disaster in which a landslide killed at least 174 miners, while at least 100 went missing, and an additional 54 people were injured in a jade mining site in the Hpakant area of Kachin State in Myanmar. The disaster took place on 2 July 2020 and is the deadliest mining accident to date in Myanmar.

2020 Hpakant jade mine disaster
Hpakant jade mine
Hpakant jade mine (Myanmar)
Date2 July 2020 (2020-07-02)
LocationHpakant, Kachin State, Myanmar
Deaths174
Non-fatal injuries54
Missingat least 100

Myanmar's jade industry is worth US$790 million per Myanmar's official statistics, but independent estimates put it at US$30–31 billion worth per year. The industry had become known for its fatal accidents in the preceding years, with the previous deadliest accident in 2015 killing 116 people. While the government responded with promises to make reforms in the jade mining industry, activists claim that little has been done in practice since then.

The miners killed or injured by the landslide were independent "jade pickers", who scavenge tailings from larger operators and who live in ramshackle quarters at the base of large mounds of rubble excavated by heavy machinery. The day before the disaster authorities warned them of the dangers created by heavy rainfall. This warning was ignored by many miners. At 06:30 local time heavy rains triggered the collapse of a heap of mining waste, which came tumbling down into a lake. This then generated a 6.1-meter (20 ft) wave of mud and water that buried those working at the site.

Background
Looking down rubble slope at jade mine in Kachin State
Jade mining in Kachin State

Myanmar is the largest supplier of jade, in a trade worth US$790 million per Myanmar's official statistics,[1] though independent estimates put it at US$30–31 billion worth per year.[2][3][note 1] The industry is known for frequent accidents at its mining sites. The largest jade mine in the world is at Hpakant in Kachin state.[2]

Scores of miners have been killed in smaller accidents in recent years, with independent "jade pickers" who scavenge tailings from larger operators particularly at risk.[7] These freelance miners live in ramshackle quarters at the base of large mounds of rubble excavated by heavy machinery.[9] The freelance miners are often migrants from other regions of Myanmar and are unregistered, which complicated identification of the missing people.[9] Mining is performed at the site by hundreds of people who scavenge through tailings dumped by trucks at the site. The tailings form large slopes, in a moonscape-like scene devoid of trees, which is susceptible to collapse.[2]

In 2015, a landslide killed at least 116 people in the mine.[4] After the incident and the formation of Htin Kyaw's Cabinet, led by Htin Kyaw and Aung San Suu Kyi in 2016, the cabinet promised to reform the jade industry and reduce the accidents. Activists claim, however, that little has been done in practice since the Cabinet took power that same year.[7] In 2019, fifty workers were buried in a mine collapse, resulting in the deaths of 2 rescue workers and 4 miners.[4] According to the BBC at least 100 people died in that year.[2]

Landslide
External video
Landslide Kills At Least 162 in Myanmar’s Jade Mining Hub (Bloomberg QuickTake News)

The day before the accident, authorities issued a warning against mining in the area due to heavy rainfall. This warning was ignored by many miners.[2]

The Myanmar Fire Services Department said that at the time of the incident, the open-pit mine, which was owned by a local business conglomerate, was inactive.[10] According to news reports, the workers at the site were freelancing scavengers who were scouring the tailings of the mine.[7]

At 06:30 local time, heavy rains triggered the collapse of a heap of mining waste which came tumbling down into a lake. This then generated a wave of mud and water which buried those working at the site.[7] The wave was described by witnesses as being "20 feet high" (6.1 m).[11] The collapse and the subsequent wave of mud and water was captured on video,[2] as were the frantic attempts of escape by miners.[7]

A witness stated that the tailings pile showed signs of instability, but collapsed too quickly for workers to leave the area.[2] The witness was quoted by Reuters as saying that "Within a minute, all the people at the bottom [of the hill] just disappeared. I feel empty in my heart ... There were people stuck in the mud shouting for help but no-one could help them".[2]

Death toll

174 bodies were recovered, and more than 100 people were reported missing.[12][13][14] 54 injured people were evacuated to hospitals.[4][14]

In addition, it was feared that many miners were trapped. Rescue efforts were hampered by the heavy rains.[4]

Photographs from the area showed lines of recovered bodies placed on a hill.[7] Dozens of recovered unidentified bodies were buried in a mass grave dug out by a mechanical digger near the landslide.[13][12] The death toll is expected to rise, as other bodies are in the mud.[7] While the Myanmar jade industry is known for fatalities and accidents, the 2020 disaster is the deadliest accident to date.[1]

Aftermath

The Myanmar Army removed Kachin Security and Border Affairs Minister Colonel Nay Lin Tun and another commander from their posts over the accident. Army spokesperson Brigadier General Zaw Min Tun stated that "they were responsible for reporting any trespassing in this restricted area" and that they failed in carrying this out.[12]

Notes
  1. Both the BBC News nor the Malay Mail do not mention any year.[2][3] Various other sources give "US$31 billion in 2014" like the CNN, the Gulf Times and the Daily Express.[4][5][6] While Reuters, al Jazeera and Deutsche Welle do not say any number nor year.[1][7][8]

References
  1. "Myanmar: Over 100 Dead in Jade Mine Landslide Disaster". Deutsche Welle. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  2. "Myanmar Jade Mine Landslide Kills 160". BBC News. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  3. "Dreams of Myanmar's 'Unwashed' Jade Miners Buried by Disaster". The Malay Mail. 5 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  4. "Jade Mine Landslide Kills at least 100 in Myanmar, with more People Still Missing". CNN. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  5. "Mass Burial for Scores Killed in Myanmar Jade Mine Disaster". The Gulf Times. 3 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  6. "Myanmar Mine Collapse: At least 103 Killed and 200 Buried after Mine Disaster in Hpakant". The Express. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  7. "At least 113 Killed as Myanmar Jade Mine Collapse Buries Workers". Reuters. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  8. "Families Mourn as Myanmar Jade Mine Disaster Kills More than 170". al Jazeera. 5 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  9. "Landslide Kills more than 100 in "Dystopian Wasteland" of Myanmar's Jade Mines". CBS News. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  10. "In Myanmar, Landslide at Jade Mine Kills More than 160 People". The Wall Street Journal. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  11. "Myanmar Jade Mine Collapse Kills at least 168". The New York Times. 2 July 2020. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  12. "Myanmar Army Sacks Two Officers over Landslide Tragedy". CNA. 4 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  13. "Mass Burial for Scores Killed in Myanmar Jade Mine Disaster". CNA. 4 July 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  14. "Myanmar Jade Mine Collapse Kills at Least 168". The New York Times. 3 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.

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