2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign

The 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign refers to a campaign headed by numerous political parties, non-governmental organisations, individuals and media outlets in favour of a 'Yes' vote in the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum. If successful, the 'Yes' campaign will transform Turkey from a parliamentary republic into an executive presidency. The 'Yes' campaign is rivalled primarily by parties and organisations that lead a 'No' campaign'. Neither campaign has a united or centralised campaign structure, with rallies and campaign events being largely organised by political parties independently of each other.

Kararımız Evet
Campaign	2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
Affiliation	Justice and Development Party Nationalist Movement Party Other smaller parties and organisations (See list)
Status	Won election
Slogan	Güçlü Türkiye için ben de varım' 'Türkiye için vazgeçilemez bir yeminimiz var
Chant	Kararımız Evet (Our decision is Yes) Tabi ki Evet (Yes, of course)

The 'Yes' campaign has been predominantly led by Justice and Development Party (AKP) politicians, as well as Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) politicians loyal to leader Devlet Bahçeli. Initially expecting a 7 February start to the campaign, the AKP eventually kicked off their official campaign on 25 February with a presentation by Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım at the Ankara sports stadium. Amid poor showings in opinion polls in February, Erdoğan reportedly asked pro-government pollsters to suspend their opinion polling until the end of March, while proposals for a joint electoral rally by both leading AKP and MHP politicians has also been proposed.[1]

When Turkish ministers, in an illegal move under Turkish law, tried to travel to the Netherlands to promote the 'Yes' campaign to Turkish citizens living there, they were barred from doing so by the Dutch, causing the 2017 Dutch–Turkish diplomatic incident.

Supporters

Political parties

The following political parties have announced their support for a 'Yes' vote.

Party			Leader	Political orientation	Slogans		Ref.
					In Turkish	In English
	AKP	Justice and Development Party	Binali Yıldırım	Right-wing	Kararımız Evet	Our decision is Yes	[2]
	MHP	Nationalist Movement Party (party executive)	Devlet Bahçeli	Nationalist/Far-right	Türkiye için vazgeçilemez bir yeminimiz var	We have an indispensable vow for Turkey	[2]
	BBP	Great Union Party (party executive)	Mustafa Destici	Far-right			[3]
	Yeni Dünya	New World Party	Emanullah Gündüz	Right-wing			[4]
	HÜDA PAR	Free Cause Party	Zekeriya Yapıcıoğlu	Islamist/Far-right			[5]
	Osmanlı	Ottoman Party (conditional yes)	İbrahim Ünye	Far-right			[6]

NGOs and other groups

Name	Type	Political orientation	Ref.
Ottoman (Osmanoğlu) family	Former Ottoman dynasty	-	[7]
Independent Industrialists and Businessmen Association (MÜSİAD)	Business organization	Right-wing	[8]
Ottoman Hearths	Organisation	Right-wing	[9]
Confederation of Public Servants Trade Unions (Memur-Sen)	Trade union	Centre-right	[10]

Justice and Development Party (AKP) campaign

Domestic campaign

The AK Party's 'Yes' campaign logo. Kararımız evet translates to 'our decision is yes'

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan campaigning for a 'Yes' vote in Kahramanmaraş, 17 February 2017

The AKP campaign has primarily focused around the concept of a 'great and strong Turkey' (Büyük ve Güçlü Türkiye) during its campaign, while senior politicians have also emphasised the need to establish an executive presidency in order to stop terrorism and grow the economy.[11][12] Opposition politicians have claimed that the AKP has been unable to justify the proposed constitutional changes, resorting to a populist campaign as a result.[13]

The AKP began its campaign on 25 February with a presentation by Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım, with the reserved seats being notably empty during the event.[14] President Erdoğan began his campaigns under the guise of 'public opening' rallies, a campaign method similar to the one used by the Presidency in the June 2015 general election. Following the first public opening rally on 17 February in Kahramanmaraş, Erdoğan was criticised for making a perceived u-turn in his speech, first claiming that he would not desire an executive presidency for his personal gain but then claiming that the project was 'his own' just five minutes later.[15][16]

Erdoğan and Yıldırım have both been heavily criticised for associating 'No' voters with terrorist organisations, both implicitly and directly on numerous occasions. During a speech to AKP Members of Parliament, Yıldırım claimed that they would vote 'Yes' because the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Fethullah Gülen Terrorist Organisation (FETÖ) were supporting 'No'.[17] At the same time, Erdoğan claimed that those who were opposing the changes were siding with the coup plotters behind the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt.[18] Their claims fell into disrepute when it emerged that FETÖ was one of the first proponents of an executive presidency in 1997, having supported the AKP government when they came to power in 2002 until 2013.[19] The PKK have also long favoured an executive presidency in return for greater independence in Kurdish populated regions, with members of the pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) implicitly speaking out in favour of a 'Yes' vote.[20]

Overseas campaign

Overseas election campaigning, even in diplomatic missions, is illegal under Turkish law; yet most political parties in Turkey, including the ruling AKP, have flouted the law.[21][22]

Although Yıldırım managed to hold a rally in Oberhausen, Germany on 18 February, foreign governments have reacted negatively to attempts by Turkish politicians to hold overseas campaign events targeting voters abroad. The Foreign Minister of Austria, Sebastian Kurz, stated that he did not want Erdoğan to visit the country to hold a campaign event because it would create division amongst Turkish citizens living in Austria.[23] The intervention resulted in an angry reaction from Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmuş, who claimed that Turkey's referandum was not the concern of the Austrian government.[24] In Germany, events due to be held by Economy Minister Nihat Zeybekçi and Justice Minister Bekir Bozdağ were cancelled by local municipalities, who stated that the venues for the events had insufficient capacity. The developments were harshly criticised by the Turkish government as well as the main opposition.[25]

Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) campaign

The official party executive of the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), lead by Devlet Bahçeli, announced in late 2016 that they would co-operate with the AKP as they sought to draft a new constitution. This was met by opposition due to the MHP's long-standing staunch opposition to the presidential system, a policy also present in their November 2015 general election manifesto. Bahçeli himself was heavily criticised for the sudden u-turn, with videos comparing his sudden change of course to his past speeches where he strongly opposed the presidential system receiving record views on social media. The MHP official executive claimed that Bahçeli was trying to avoid an early election, which would have been a possibility if the AKP failed to put their proposals forward to a referendum. An early general election would have likely meant the MHP falling below the 10% election threshold and losing all their parliamentary seats. In January 2017, Bahçeli announced that they would also support a 'Yes' vote in the referendum, in addition to providing parliamentary support during the voting process.[26]

The MHP executive's decision to support a 'Yes' vote was met by strong opposition from the party's voter base, leading Bahçeli to claim that the party 'didn't have' a voter base.[27] 7 MPs amongst the 40-strong MHP parliamentary group rebelled, leading to the eventual expulsion of four of them from the party.[28] A wave of resignations from the party's local and district associations followed.[29][30][31] In response to the start of an alternate 'No' campaign by high-profile MHP politicians, Bahçeli claimed that those who were disobeying the party line were attempting to 'defame' the MHP and did not represent Turkish nationalism.[32] In a further speech during a regular parliamentary party briefing, Bahçeli stated that he would support Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in an election if he was faced with the choice of choosing between Erdoğan and 'No' supporters such as Doğu Perinçek.[33] He further went on to claim that those asking him why he was supporting a 'Yes' vote should 'mind their own business.'[34][35]

Bahçeli began his campaigning in Konya on 12 February 2017, speaking to a hall which was lambasted by the pro-'No' media for being significantly emptier than expected.[36] Many polls suggest that a significant majority of MHP voters are 'No' supporters, with this figure rising to 90% in some estimates.[37] Most polls put the percentage of 'No' voters in the MHP at between 50% to 80%, with definite 'Yes' voters remaining at 20-25%.[38][39]

Many theories have been put forward by politicians and journalists to explain Bahçeli's sudden change of policy, with some claiming that Erdoğan agreed to make him his Vice President under the new presidential regime. It was also reported in the Aydınlık newspaper that three forms of blackmail had been made to the MHP by the AKP. The first concerned the threat of a snap election, in which the MHP would likely fail to secure 10% of the vote and win seats in Parliament.[40] The second concerned Bahçeli's own seat as leader of the MHP, a position from which he was almost defeated during the 2016 Nationalist Movement Party Extraordinary Congress.[41] Bahçeli was able to hang on to his leadership by avoiding a party congress with the help of the pro-government Supreme Electoral Council and the government-backed judiciary, but it was claimed that the government would cease to assist Bahçeli in maintaining his position should he not agree to campaign for a 'Yes' vote.[42] A final threat was perceived to be a personal revelation regarding Bahçeli, in the form of an embarrassing video tape or a recording that would disgrace him and the MHP, which the government would release if Bahçeli refused to comply.[43]

See also

• 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign

References

1. http://www.gazetevatan.com/ak-parti-ve-mhp-nin-ilk-ortak-mitingi-canakkale-de-1040271-siyaset/
2. "Hangi parti referandumda ne oy kullanacak – Sözcü Gazetesi". Sozcu.com.tr. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
3. "BBP de ayrıştı: Önce Saray'da görüşme, sonra 'hayır' açıklaması ardından yalanlama... Karar verildi". cumhuriyet.com.tr. 10 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
4. "Yeni anayasaya destek verdi". Yenikonya.com.tr. 18 January 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
5. "Hüda-Par referandumda 'evet' diyeceğini açıkladı". Yenicaggazetesi.com.tr. 15 February 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
6. "Osmanlı Parti İktidar Kongresini Yaptı". Facebook.com. 1 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017. (...) bu sisteminizin içerisine "İDAM" koyarsanız Millette gönül hoşluğu ile evet der, Osmanlı Partisi olarak biz "EKSİK" ama şartlı olarak Türk milleti ile evet diyeceğiz, ancak şartımız "Tecavüzcülere ve Vatan Hainlerine" İdamı getirmek ve "Ayasofya Camiini İbadete açmaktı" Bu şartlarımızı da kabul ederlerse bizde "Evet" deriz.
7. "Hanedan Reisi Dündar Osmanoğlu: Türkiye Rejimini Değil Sistemini Değiştiriyor". Habersitesi.com. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
8. "Müsiad Genel Başkanı Nail Olpak: - Bursa Haberleri". Milliyet.com.tr. 15 January 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
9. "Osmanlı Ocakları Derneği Genel Başkanı Canpolat: "Sandığa giderek 'evet' oyu kullanarak yetinmeyeceğiz"". Yesilafsin.com. 6 February 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
10. rigobert (26 January 2017). "Memur-Sen'den referanduma destek! - Ekonomi Haberleri". Ekonomi.haber7.com. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
11. http://www.yenihaberden.com/buyuk-ve-guclu-turkiyeye-evet-267945h.htm
12. http://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/kurtulmustan-skandal-baskanlik-aciklamasi-155535h.htm
13. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/oran-akp-evet-i-savunamiyor--siyaset-2399268/
14. http://www.birgun.net/haber-detay/akp-nin-evet-toplantisinda-protokol-tribunu-bos-kaldi-148267.html
15. http://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2017/02/17/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-kahramanmarasta-toplu-acilis-toreninde-canli
16. https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=erdogan+u+donusu&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8#q=erdogan+sahsimin+projesi+u+donusu&*
17. http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/671005/Binali_Yildirim__PKK__FETO__HDP__Hayir__diyor_onun_icin__Evet__diyoruz.html
18. http://www.berlinturk.com/tr/turkiye/erdogan-hayircilar-15-temmuzun-devamidir-60566
19. http://www.birgun.net/haber-detay/baskanlik-sistemi-feto-nun-projesi-cikti-148982.html
20. http://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/hdp-pkk-ve-huda-par-referandumda-evet-diyecek-155825h.htm
21. Gold, Shabtai; Merey, Can; Say, Linda. "Turkish law prohibits campaigning abroad – as row with Europe deepens". Deutsche Presse-Agentur. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
22. "Host of 'political' Turkish rally in Austria scraps event after police see 'no legal grounds' to act". Xinhua. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
23. http://www.sozcu.com.tr/2017/dunya/avusturyali-bakandan-cumhurbaskani-erdogana-referandum-icin-gelme-2-1703085/
24. http://www.dw.com/tr/viyana-erdoğan-miting-için-gelmesin/a-37739780
25. http://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/turkiyeden-almanyaya-skandal-ve-cifte-standart-tepkisi/3748249.html
26. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-03-12. Retrieved 2017-03-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
27. http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/siyaset/666212/Bahceli_elestirilere_yanit_verdi__MHP_nin_tabani_yoktur.html
28. http://www.internethaber.com/bahceli-dugmeye-basti-muhalifler-mhpden-ayiklanacak-1608783h.htm
29. http://www.birgun.net/haber-detay/mhp-de-hayircilar-dan-toplu-istifa-144337.html
30. http://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/mhpde-toplu-istifa01
31. http://www.sozcu.com.tr/2017/gundem/mhp-yonetiminden-toplu-istifa-1647781/
32. http://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/devlet-bahceliden-muhaliflere-tepki,9YCmSucxFUKyN9yL3zA_lw
33. http://www.cnnturk.com/video/turkiye/devlet-bahceli-bir-secim-yapacaksak-erdogan-deriz
34. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/bahceli-millet-icin-evet-devlet-icin-evet-40357985
35. http://www.sozcu.com.tr/2017/gundem/mhp-grup-toplantisi-36-1664408/
36. http://www.ensonhaber.com/mhp-lideri-devlet-bahceli-konyada-2017-02-11.html
37. http://www.sozcu.com.tr/2017/gundem/mhpli-halacoglu-mhpnin-yuzde-90i-hayir-oyu-verecek-1709803
38. http://t24.com.tr/haber/mhplilerin-yuzde-501i-hayir-yuzde-247si-evet-diyor-kalanlar-kararsiz,384575
39. http://www.birgun.net/haber-detay/mhp-nin-yuzde-80-i-hayir-diyecek-147974.html
40. https://www.aydinlik.com.tr/kose-yazilari/sabahattin-onkibar/2017-ocak/iste-baskanlik-icin-mhp-ye-yapilan-uc-santaj
41. http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2016/04/160408_mhp_karar
42. http://www.birgun.net/haber-detay/akp-lilerden-bahceli-ye-destek-kampanyasi-108545.html
43. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-03-12. Retrieved 2017-03-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links

• "The AK Party’s arguments for a presidential system in Turkey". TRT World.
• "Here is why the MHP favours constitutional changes in Turkey". TRT World.