2013 Rosario gas explosion

A gas explosion caused by a large gas leak occurred in a residential area of Rosario, the third-largest city in Argentina, on August 6, 2013. A nearby building collapsed, and others were at high risk of structural failure. Twenty-two people died, and sixty were injured. Several organizations helped secure the area, search for survivors and aid people who lost their homes. Shortly after the explosion, the time needed for reconstruction was estimated at six months.

Rosario gas explosion
DateAugust 6, 2013 (2013-08-06)
Time9:30 am
LocationRosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
Coordinates32.9369°S 60.6510°W / -32.9369; -60.6510
CauseGas leak
Deaths22[1]
Non-fatal injuries60[2]

The provincial judiciary launched an investigation into the cause of the explosion. Primary suspects were Litoral Gas (the natural-gas provider for Rosario) and an employee who carried out maintenance work at the building that day. Several public figures sent condolences, and most of the candidates for the 2013 primary elections suspended their political campaigns.

The event
Location map.

The explosion occurred at 9:30 a.m. near the intersection of Oroño and Salta Streets in central Rosario. Initial reports confirmed eight people dead, sixty injured and fifteen missing; eight more deaths were later confirmed.[3] Searches the following day revealed twelve fatalities, ten of whom were identified.[4] Of the people who were missing, some were found dead among the debris, while others were rescued.[5] The search for survivors ended on August 13, with twenty-two people confirmed dead.[6][7] A 65-year-old woman who had been injured died on October 8.[1][8]

The explosion was caused by a gas leak in a 30-year-old building. It severely damaged a nearby nine-story apartment building, causing it to collapse.[3] Mónica Fein, mayor of Rosario, asked residents to avoid the area because of the risk that more buildings might collapse, and to ease the work of disaster management personnel. The streets were covered with broken glass from damaged buildings.[9] Gas and electricity were immediately disconnected, and the national government sent an Argentine Federal Police task force to the scene.[3]

The natural gas supplier, Litoral Gas, immediately began sealing the distribution pipe to the area.[10] The Center for Ambulatory Medical Specialties of Rosario (Spanish: Centro de Especialidades Médicas Ambulatorias de Rosario) managed the information about the dead and injured, and tents were prepared for those left homeless.[11] Firefighters and other workers found people trapped on the upper floors of buildings and evacuated them over adjacent roofs.[12] Although the building was not destroyed by the explosion, a high risk of structural failure remained.[13]

Investigation

Neighbors reported to the press that they had smelled a gas leak several hours before the explosion and had called Litoral Gas. Company director José María González said that the company had received no such calls, and thought that callers might have dialed the 911 emergency number instead.[10] Prosecutor Camporini reported at the trial that the building had experienced several gas leaks before the explosion.[14]

The provincial judiciary launched an investigation into the circumstances surrounding the explosion.[11] The prosecution conducted a search and seizure at the offices of Litoral Gas to confirm the absence of customer complaints about the gas leak.[15] Judge Juan Carlos Curto ordered the arrest of Carlos Osvaldo García, an employee of the department responsible for gas service to the area.[16] He was captured during the night,[17] and his assistant Pablo Miño surrendered to police the following day.[18] According to witnesses, one employee fled in a van before the explosion, when he realized the severity of the gas leak, while another remained to try to evacuate people from the endangered area.[19] The van belonged to García,[14] who experienced an acute stress reaction during the trial.[14] Curto checked the remnants of the gas employee's workshop to verify García's testimony.[20][21]

Prosecutor Graciela Argüelles said that, according to the investigation, Litoral Gas ignored calls for help from García, who was not properly trained to manage such a situation. The judge suggested that documents seized from Litoral Gas might prove the existence of customer reports of a gas leak.[22] Curto thought that the employees might not bear sole responsibility, and that the liability of Litoral Gas had to be investigated as well.[21]

Pablo Miño was released from prison, but Curto refused to release García, saying that Miño had extenuating circumstances which García did not.[23] Miño's job was to give García the required tools, not to do the maintenance. He was in the street, watching over the van, which was not properly parked and locked, and did not see García's work before the explosion. Curto stopped short of pronouncing Miño innocent at that early stage.[24]

As the case expanded beyond his jurisdiction, Curto recused himself from the trial and was replaced by Javier Beltramone,[25] who released García from prison.[26] Litoral Gas demanded Beltramone's recusal for expressing an opinion about the case to the press.[27] The appeal court agreed in a 2–1 vote to remove Beltramone, and the case was transferred to Patricia Bilotta.[2] García had claimed that he was following instructions received in the days before the explosion, so Bilotta summoned the technical officers of Litoral Gas to clarify that point.[28] Litoral Gas said that García had not received any instructions prior to the explosion.[29]

Litoral Gas proposed an out-of-court settlement to the relatives of the victims, offering about 1200 US dollars per square meter of collapsed building, in addition to compensation for loss of life.[30] Vice Governor Jorge Henn rejected it as immoral,[31] and most of the families also initially rejected the proposal.[32] By May 2014, however, almost half of the families had accepted the settlement.[33]

Reaction
President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner at the site of the explosion

The explosion occurred shortly before the primary 2013 Argentine legislative elections on August 11. The governor of Santa Fe province, Antonio Bonfatti, asked the political parties to end their campaigns to allow mourning for the victims of the explosion.[34] The Front for Victory and Progressive, Civic and Social Front candidates suspended their campaigns,[35][36] and the national government declared two days of mourning.[37] The period of mourning was observed by all candidates in Buenos Aires and most other provinces, who ended their political campaigns.[38]

President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who had recently returned from a diplomatic visit to the United Nations, visited the site of the explosion on August 7. She was berated by local residents;[39] some were angry because her surprise visit halted work at the site, and others thought her presence was politically motivated.[40] The president stayed briefly, visited the CEMAR and met Bonfatti.[40] Kirchner's entourage was surrounded by members of La Cámpora, who tried to prevent demonstrations against her and keep journalists and residents at bay.[41]

Weeks before the explosion, several social networking sites had scheduled a country-wide cacerolazo (a pot-banging protest demonstration), known as 8A, against Kirchner for August 8. The websites had already conducted successful cacerolazos (8N and 18A). Despite the national mourning, the 8A protest went ahead as planned, with the added slogan "No more pointless deaths".[42] Candidate Ricardo Gil Lavedra thought the cacerolazo should have been canceled, as the campaigning was,[43] but fellow candidate Rodolfo Terragno supported it.[44] It was attended by fewer people than previous ones in Buenos Aires and the rest of the country.[45] The demonstration in Rosario was not a cacerolazo, but a silent candlelight vigil attended by nearly a hundred people.[45] There was a second demonstration in Rosario on August 22, proceeding from the National Flag Memorial to the headquarters of Litoral Gas.[46][47]

Pope Francis sent a letter of condolence to Archbishop José Luis Mollaghan of Rosario, and it was read during a mass and procession for Saint Cajetan at Plaza 25 de Mayo.[48][49] Newell's Old Boys and Rosario Central, two local soccer teams and rivals in the Rosario derby, organized a charity match for the victims at the Gabino Sosa Stadium,[50] and Rosario-born Lionel Messi provided support through the "Leo Messi" charity.[51] The charity match collected 120,000 pesos.[52] Musicians Fito Páez,[53] Vicentico, Babasónicos, Las Pelotas, Chaqueño Palavecino, Ciro Pertusi, Lisandro Aristimuño, Pablo Dacal and Coki de Bernardis performed concerts in several Argentine cities to raise money for the victims.[54][55]

Reconstruction

Bonfatti announced that Santa Fe province would provide financial help to the victims of the explosion. Since most houses in the vicinity were damaged, affected families would receive a subsidy of $20,000 to rent homes during reconstruction. They would receive $50,000 in credit to buy furniture and appliances, payable in 60 months with five percent interest.[56][57] Rosario's real estate firms prepared a list of houses for rent without charging victims their regular fee.[58] Some of the affected buildings may have had cheap insurances which would not cover the risk of an explosion.[59] Some cars trapped in an underground parking lot could not be retrieved.[60]

When the search for survivors ended, authorities closed Salta Street. Engineers began checking the buildings at ground zero, trying to restore the original layout of the street and demolishing unstable structures.[61] Secretary of Public Works Omar Saab said that the two remaining buildings were beyond repair and had to be demolished.[62] As a sign of respect, the demolition would not be carried out with explosives.[63] Secretary of Housing Gustavo Leone estimated that the work would take nearly six months.[64][65] People were allowed to enter their destroyed houses in small groups at a time, starting on August 9.[66] Nearby streets began to be reopened on August 13.[67]

The CGT union signed a deal with the association of factories of Rosario and the government of Rosario to make sure that all the victims of the explosions would keep their jobs.[68]

References
  1. "Falleció otra de las personas heridas por la explosión de un edificio de Rosario" [Another person injured by the explosion of a building in Rosario dies] (in Spanish). La Nación. October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  2. José Bordón (October 10, 2013). "Separan al juez que estaba a cargo de la investigación de la explosión en Rosario" [The judge who was dealing with the investigation of the explosion in Rosario has been removed] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  3. "Fuerte explosión en un edificio de Rosario: asciende a 12 el número de muertos y hay al menos 60 heridos" [Strong explosion in Rosario: the bodycount rises to 12 and there are at least 60 injuries] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 6, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  4. "Discrepancias y dudas en torno a la cantidad de muertos que dejó la explosión del edificio en Rosario" [Disagreements and doubts about the number of deaths left by the explosion of the building in Rosario] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 7, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  5. Valeria Musse (August 8, 2013). "A más de 40 horas de la explosión, buscan a 11 desaparecidos en Rosario" [More than 40 hours after the explosion, 11 disappeared people are still being searched for] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  6. José Bordón (August 13, 2013). "Hallan tres cuerpos más y asciende a 21 el número de víctimas en Rosario" [Three more bodies are found, and the bodycount in Rosario rises to 21] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  7. "Encontraron dos cuerpos más y son 21 los muertos por la explosión" [Two more bodies were found, the deaths of the explosion are 32] (in Spanish). Clarín. August 12, 2013. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  8. Mauro Aguilar (October 9, 2013). "Tragedia de Rosario: son 22 los muertos por la explosión" [Tragedy in Rosario: the deaths of the explosion are 22] (in Spanish). Clarín. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
  9. "'Las calles están repletas de vidrio', dijo una vecina del edificio" ['The streets are filled of glass', said a neighbor of the building] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 6, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  10. "Litoral Gas dice que no tuvieron reclamos en el call center" [Litoral Gas says they had no requests in the call center] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 6, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  11. "La Justicia de Santa Fe ya investiga las causas de la explosión" [The Santa Fe judiciary is already investigating the causes of the explosion] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 6, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  12. "El angustiante rescate de los afectados por la explosión en Rosario" [The sad rescue of the victims of the explosions in Rosario] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 6, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
  13. Juan R. Mascardi (August 6, 2013). "Un escape de gas, la causa del estallido ocurrido en Rosario" [A gas leak, the reason of the explosion in Rosario] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
  14. José Bordón (October 8, 2013). "El gasista fue imputado por estrago culposo y está muy comprometido" [The gas employee was accused and he's very complicated] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  15. "La Fiscalía allanó las oficinas de Litoral Gas en Rosario" [The prosecution seized the offices of Litoral Gas in Rosario] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 6, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  16. "Ordenan la detención del gasista que trabajaba en el edificio" [Detention of the gas employee who worked in the apartment building ordered] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 6, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  17. "Detuvieron al gasista que trabajaba en el edificio que explotó" [The gas employee who worked at the exploded building has been detained] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 6, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  18. "Detuvieron a dos gasistas y allanaron Litoral Gas" [Two gas employees were detained, and Litoral Gas was seized] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 7, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  19. "Uno de los detenidos habría huido cuando vio la magnitud del escape de gas" [One of the detained employees may have escaped when he saw the severity of the gas leak] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 7, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  20. "Un juez recorrió el edificio de la explosión para 'corroborar' los dichos del gasista" [A judge visited the building of the explosion to 'check' the sayings of the gas employee] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 8, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  21. Lucas Aranda (August 9, 2013). "Siguen los cruces: para el juez, la empresa 'es un actor principal'" [The discussions continue: for the judge, the firm 'is a main actor'] (in Spanish). Clarín. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  22. José Bordón (August 9, 2013). "Litoral Gas, más comprometida por la explosión en Rosario" [Litoral Gas, more complicated by the explosion in Rosario] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  23. "Explosión en Rosario: niegan la excarcelación del gasista y liberaron al ayudante" [Explosion in Rosario: release is refused to the gas employee, but granted to his assistant] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 9, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  24. José Bordón (August 10, 2013). "El gasista seguirá detenido y citan a declarar a los directivos de la empresa Litoral Gas" [The gas employee will stay under detention and the heads of Litoral Gas will be prosecuted] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  25. "La tragedia de Rosario se quedó sin juez" [The tragedy in Rosario is left without a judge] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 16, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  26. José Bordón (August 17, 2013). "Explosión en Rosario: el juez ordenó la liberación del gasista" [Explosion in Rosario: the judge ordered the liberation of the gas employee] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  27. Andrés Actis (October 10, 2013). "Apartan al juez que investigaba la tragedia de Rosario" [The judge investigating the tragedy in Rosario is demoted] (in Spanish). Clarín. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  28. "Salta 2141: Quieren establecer si el gasista notificó a Litoral Gas" [Salta 2141: they want to establish if the gas employee notified Litoral Gas] (in Spanish). La Capital. November 26, 2013. Archived from the original on February 4, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  29. "Litoral Gas dijo que el gasista no pidió permiso para proceder" [Litoral Gas said that the gas employee did not ask for permission to proceed] (in Spanish). La Capital. November 27, 2013. Archived from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  30. "Ahora Litoral Gas les propone un arreglo económico a las víctimas de Salta 2141" [Now Litoral Gas proposes an economic agreement to the victims of Salta 2141] (in Spanish). La Capital. November 29, 2013. Archived from the original on April 3, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  31. "El vicegobernador Henn aseguró que 'lo de Litoral Gas es inmoral e inescrupuloso'" [Vicegovernor Henn swore that 'Litoral Gas' proposal is immoral and unscrupulous'] (in Spanish). La Capital. November 30, 2013. Archived from the original on April 3, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  32. "Familiares de víctimas de Salta 2141 rechazan un ofrecimiento económico de Litoral Gas" [Relatives of victims of Salta 2141 reject an economic offering from Litoral Gas] (in Spanish). La Capital. November 28, 2013. Archived from the original on February 4, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  33. Guillermo Zysman (May 28, 2014). "Casi la mitad de los afectados por la explosión en Salta 2141 arregló con Litoral Gas" [Almost half of those affected by the explosion at Salta 2141 dealt with Litoral Gas] (in Spanish). La Capital. Archived from the original on August 3, 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  34. "El gobernador de Santa Fe pidió suspender la campaña electoral" [The governor of Santa Fe asked to suspend the political campaign] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 6, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  35. "El Frente para la Victoria dio por terminada su campaña electoral en Santa Fe por la trágica explosión" [The Front for Victory considers their political campaign in Santa Fe ended because of the explosion] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 6, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  36. "La tragedia dejó en suspenso la campaña" [The tragedy suspended the campaign] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 7, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  37. "El Gobierno declaró duelo de dos días por la explosión de Rosario" [The government issued a two-days mourning for the explosion in Rosario] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 7, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  38. "Sin actos, el final de la campaña quedó teñido por la tragedia de Rosario" [Without events, the end of the political campaign was stained by the tragedy in Rosario] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 8, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  39. Diego Yañez Martínez (August 7, 2013). "Cristina Kirchner visitó la zona de la explosión en Rosario y recibió insultos de los vecinos" [Cristina Kirchner visited the area of the explosion in Rosario and received insults from the neighbors] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  40. Valeria Musse (August 8, 2013). "Insultos y abucheos a Cristina cuando visitó el lugar de la tragedia" [Insults and booings for Cristina when she visited the place of the tragedy] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  41. Diego Yañez Martínez (August 8, 2013). "Cruces entre militantes de La Cámpora y vecinos por la llegada de Cristina Kirchner a Rosario" [Clash between militants of La Cámpora and neighbors for the arrival of Cristina Kirchner to Rosario] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  42. Mariano Obarrio (August 8, 2013). "El 8-A sigue en pie, con la consigna 'no más muertes inútiles'" [The 8-A still stands, with the slogan 'no more pointless deaths'] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  43. "Ricardo Gil Lavedra: 'Hoy no debería hacerse la protesta del 8A'" [Ricardo Gil Lavedra: 'The 8A protest should not be made today'] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 8, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  44. DyN (August 8, 2013). "Rodolfo Terragno y Ricardo Gil Lavedra respaldaron el cacerolazo" [Rodolfo Terragno and Ricardo Gil Lavedra supported the cacerolazo] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  45. Aurelio Tomás (August 9, 2013). "Con una protesta menos masiva, el 8-A movilizó a los caceroleros más duros" [With a less massive protest, the 8-A movilized the strongest caceroleros] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  46. "Hoy hacen una marcha del silencio" [There's a silent demonstration today] (in Spanish). Clarín. August 22, 2013. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  47. "La mamá de Laguia participará de la marcha 'para pedir justicia'" [The mother of Laguia will take part in the demonstration 'to ask for justice'] (in Spanish). La Capital. August 20, 2013. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  48. "El mensaje del papa Francisco por la trágica explosión en Rosario" [The message of Pope Francis in relation to the tragic explosion in Rosario] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 7, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  49. Emily Vexler (August 7, 2013). "La tragedia de Rosario, presente en San Cayetano" [The tragedy of Rosario, present at Saint Cajetan] (in Spanish). Clarín. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  50. "Newell's y Central, codo a codo: Rosario se unió para ayudar a las víctimas de la explosión" [Newell's and Central, back to back: Rosario has united to help the victims of the explosion] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 6, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  51. "Lionel Messi pone su Fundación a disposición de las víctimas de la explosión de Rosario" [Lionel Messi puts his foundation at the service of the victims of the Rosario explosion] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 6, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  52. "Cerca de 120 mil pesos se recaudaron con el partido solidario en el Gabino Sosa" [Nearly 120 thousand pesos were collected in the charity match at the Gabino Sosa] (in Spanish). La Capital. August 19, 2013. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  53. "Fito Páez anunció una gira por el país en total beneficio para los damnificados de Rosario" [Fito Páez announced a national tour to benefit the dammed in Rosario] (in Spanish). La Capital. August 15, 2013. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  54. "Fito Páez y otros artistas saldrán de gira para recaudar fondos por la explosión en Rosario" [Fito Páez and other artists will make a tour to collect money for the explosion in Rosario] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 15, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  55. "Música y fútbol para ayudar a las víctimas" [Music and soccer to help the victims] (in Spanish). Clarín. August 19, 2013. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  56. "El gobernador de Santa Fe, Antonio Bonfatti, anunció subsidios: 'El Estado va a estar presente'" [The governor of Santa Fe, Antonio Bonfatti, announced subsidies: 'the state will be present'] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 8, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  57. Andres Actis (August 9, 2013). "Santa Fe se hará cargo de reparar todas las casas" [Santa Fe will deal with the repairs of all the houses] (in Spanish). Clarín. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  58. "Arman un padrón de viviendas para los afectados por la explosión en Rosario" [A list of housing for victims of the explosion in Rosario has been made] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 13, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  59. Martín Grosz (August 9, 2013). "Advierten que muchos edificios no tienen un seguro adecuado" [It is warned that many buildings may not have a proper insurance] (in Spanish). Clarín. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  60. Actis, Andrés (August 22, 2013). "Tragedia de Rosario: no podrán recuperar los autos que quedaron bajo los escombros" [Tragedy of Rosario: The cars trapped under the debris cannot be retrieved] (in Spanish). Clarín. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  61. "Rosario: tras el rescate de las víctimas, comienza el trabajo de reconstrucción de la calle Salta" [Rosario: After the rescue of the victims, the reconstruction of the Salta street began] (in Spanish). La Nación. August 13, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  62. José Bordón (August 13, 2013). "'Hay que demoler los dos edificios que quedan lo antes posible', dijo un funcionario del municipio de Rosario" ['The two remaining buildings should be demolished as soon as possible', said a politician from Rosario] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  63. Mauro Aguilar (August 15, 2013). "No usarán explosivos para demoler los edificios que quedaron en pie" [No explosives will be used to demolish the buildings that still stand] (in Spanish). Clarín. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  64. José Bordon (August 14, 2013). "Rosario: demandará seis meses reconstruir la calle afectada por la explosión" [Rosario: It will take six months to rebuild the street damaged by the explosion] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  65. "La reconstrucción llevará al menos seis meses" [Reconstruction will take at least six months] (in Spanish). Clarín. August 14, 2013. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  66. Carlos Carrion (August 9, 2013). "Algunos volvieron a sus casas: 'Es como si hubiese pasado un tornado'" [Some people returned to their houses: 'it's as if a tornado has passed'] (in Spanish). Clarín. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  67. "Se habilitó hoy el carril de Oroño hacia el sur, y el tránsito por Salta desde Alvear" [The street from Oroño to the south was habilitated, as well as the mass transit in Salta from Alvear] (in Spanish). La Capital. August 13, 2013. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  68. "Acuerdo para resguardar la fuente laboral de los damnificados por la tragedia" [Agreement to keep the jobs of the victims of the tragedy] (in Spanish). La Capital. August 19, 2013. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.

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