2000 Jarafa mosque massacre

The 2000 Jarafa mosque massacre was an attack on members of Ansar al-Sunna praying at a mosque in Jarafa, a village in the outskirts of Omdurman, Sudan on December 8, 2000. A lone gunman, Abbas al-Baqir Abbas ( عباس الباقر عباس ), a member of Takfir wal-Hijra, opened fire with a Kalashnikov assault rifle during evening prayers, killing at least 22 people and injuring more than 30 others, before he was shot dead by police.[2]

2000 Jarafa mosque shooting
LocationJarafa, Sudan
DateDecember 8, 2000
9:00 p.m.
Attack type
Mass murder, massacre
WeaponsZastava M70AB2 assault rifle[1]
Deaths23 (including the perpetrator)
Injured31
PerpetratorAbbas al-Baqir Abbas

Shooting

During evening prayers, at about 9:00 p.m., 33-year-old Abbas al-Baqir Abbas, using a Kalashnikov assault rifle, began shooting through a window at the people in the al-Sunna al-Mohammediyya Mosque in Jarafa, instantly killing 20 worshipers. According to witnesses, he avoided the women's section of the mosque and reassured a fleeing woman that he would only shoot males. When he refused to surrender to responding police units, Abbas was killed after a brief shootout with officers. Thirty-three were wounded in the attack, among them a police officer. At least two of the injured later died of their wounds.[3][4][5][6][7]

Although Abbas acted alone, according to police, witnesses stated that shots were fired from three directions and that there had been at least three attackers dressed in jellabiyas, all but one fleeing before police arrived.[8][9] There were also reports that not only worshipers at the mosque were attacked, but that the gunman had rampaged through the village, killing at least two boys.[4] Various higher death tolls were reported, ranging from 23[4] and 24[10] to 27 people killed and 49 wounded.[11]

Background

Takfir wal-Hijra

Takfir wal-Hijra is a Muslim extremist group, originating in Egypt, that had a history of differences with the pacifist Ansar al-Sunna. While the former believes the Sharia should be implemented by force, the latter does not. This conflict has resulted in similar incidents previously. On February 4, 1994, three assailants, Mohammed Abdullah al-Khilaifi, a Libyan Islamist, along with two Sudanese, attacked a mosque of Ansar al-Sunna in Al Thawra with assault rifles, killing 19 people and injuring 15. al-Khilaifi was later sentenced to death and executed on September 19, 1994.[3][12][13][14]

On January 1, 1996, eight assailants and a police officer were killed in a fight between members of the group and police in Kambo Ashara when the former tried to force villagers to convert.[15][16][17] An attack on the same mosque in Jarafa in 1996 left 12 people dead.[18] On November 1, 1997, two members of Takfir wal-Hijra attacked people leaving a mosque in Arkawit with knives, killing two and wounding a further ten.[19][20][21]

Abbas al-Baqir Abbas
Abbas al-Baqir Abbas

Abbas al-Baqir Abbas (1967-December 8, 2000) was from Al-Dasis in the northern part of Al Jazirah. It was reported that his mother had left their home due to his religious fanaticism and that he beat his sister, accusing her of infidelity. He studied economics at Tripoli University, but was forced to leave Libya because of leading Islamist groups and thus threatening security. He was a former member of the Popular Defense Forces, fighting rebels in the southern part of Sudan.[4][6][22][23]

Initially being a member of Ansar al-Sunna, Abbas left due to religious differences and joined Takfir wal-Hijra. It was said that he had repeatedly threatened members of Ansar al-Sunna with an attack similar to the one in 1994. Because of these threats, he was arrested in 1998 for four months, and again a few months prior to the shooting, along with 20 other people suspected of being members of Takfir wal-Hijra. However, he repented and claimed to have abandoned the group and its ideas, and as a result, he was released.[5][24][25]

Aftermath

The following day, President Omar al-Bashir visited the mosque, paying his condolences to relatives of the victims and assured that a legislation would be passed to control fanatical religious groups,[5] vowing "to rectify laws in order to protect society from destructive and harmful ideas.".[6] In the wake of the massacre, police and security forces were deployed in Khartoum State in a large scale inspection campaign to prevent further violence, leading to the arresting of 65 leading members of Takfir wal-Hijra[26][27] and security laws were tightened, allowing law enforcement to detain suspects for up to six months.[28] The amendments were criticized by opposition parties for curtailing liberties and they accused President Bashir of abusing the incident to increase his power.[29]

References
  1. The Kalashnikov assault rifle used to kill 22 worshipers and wound 31 others in the 2000 Jarafa mosque massacre
  2. Gunman kills 20 in Sudan mosque, BBC (December 9, 2000)
  3. Attack on a Mosque in Sudan By Fundamentalist Kills 20, The New York Times (December 10, 2000)
  4. Twenty-three killed in Sudan mosque massacre Archived 2008-06-11 at the Wayback Machine, AFP (December 11, 2000)
  5. Sudan Mosque Gunman Said to Bear Grudge, Los Angeles Times (December 10, 2000)
  6. Sudanese police: mosque gunman had grudge against worshippers' sect, CNN (December 9, 2000)
  7. Gunman held grudge against Islamic sect, Deseret News (December 10, 2000)
  8. Twenty Worshippers Killed In Gun Attack On Mosque In Sudan, IslamOnline (December 9, 2000)
  9. Sudan Says Religious Rivalry Behind Massacre (December 9, 2000)
  10. UNHCR-report (p. 12)
  11. Ansar al-Sunnah leader discusses recent attack on mosque, Asharq Al-Awsat (December 19, 2000)
  12. "At Least 20 Killed in Attack on Sudan Mosque". Archived from the original on 2011-05-30. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
  13. Sudanese security forces kill 2 West Africans linked to raid, The Seattle Times (February 6, 1994)
  14. Rone, Jemera & Owsley, Brian: Behind the Red Line (pp. 102)
  15. Gunman Kills 20 in Mosque Near Sudan’s Capital, Los Angeles Times (December 9, 2000)
  16. Gunman kills 20 at Sudan mosque, Deseret News (December 9, 2000)
  17. Clash in Sudan, The Cincinnati Post (January 2, 1996)
  18. Mosque massacre victims buried, BBC (December 9, 2000)
  19. Sudan Mosque Attack, BBC News (November 3, 1997)
  20. Muslim radicals attack mosque in Wad Madani; two dead, 10 injured, AFP (November 3, 1997)
  21. "Extremist" Muslim sect members attack worshippers, kill two, Suna news agency (November 4, 1997)
  22. Sudan Gunman Kills 20, CBS News (December 8, 2000)
  23. Gunman kills 20 in Sudan, The Tribune (December 9, 2000)
  24. Sudan gunman staged attack alone: investigators, CBC News (December 9, 2000)
  25. Massacred Sudanese Muslims buried in mass funeral, AFP (December 9, 2000)
  26. Sudan arrests 65 for attack on mosque, The Post (December 15, 2000) Archived May 8, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
  27. Sudan arrests 65 for attack on mosque, Independent Online (December 15, 2000) Archived August 4, 2012, at Archive.today
  28. Sudanese security barriers in Khartoum; amends security laws Archived 2012-02-14 at the Wayback Machine, Arabicnews.com (December 12, 2000)
  29. Sudan: Opposition leader Mahdi calls for gun control in wake of mosque shooting (December 17, 2000)

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