1916 Boreas

1916 Boreas, provisional designation 1953 RA, is an eccentric, stony asteroid and near-Earth object of the Amor group, approximately 3 kilometers in diameter. After its discovery in 1953, it became a lost asteroid until 1974. It was named after Boreas from Greek mythology.

1916 Boreas
Discovery [1]
Discovered byS. Arend
Discovery siteUccle Obs.
Discovery date1 September 1953
Designations
(1916) Boreas
Pronunciation/ˈbɔːriəs/[2]
Named after
Boreas (Greek mythology)[3]
1953 RA
NEO · Amor [1][4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc63.73 yr (23,279 days)
Aphelion3.2944 AU
Perihelion1.2506 AU
2.2725 AU
Eccentricity0.4497
3.43 yr (1,251 days)
252.13°
0° 17m 15.72s / day
Inclination12.884°
340.64°
335.83°
Earth MOID0.2520 AU · 98.2 LD
Physical characteristics
Dimensions3.07 km (calculated)[5]
3.5 km[1]
3.4741±0.0003 h[6][lower-alpha 1]
3.4746 h[7]
3.4746±0.0010 h[lower-alpha 1]
3.4748±0.0010 h[lower-alpha 1]
3.49±0.01 h[8]
0.15 (assumed)[1]
0.20 (assumed)[5]
S (Tholen), S (SMASS)
S [9] · Sw [5][10][11]
B–V = 0.852
U–B = 0.407
14.86±0.112[5][12] · 14.93[1][11]

    Discovery

    Boreas was discovered on 1 September 1953, by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle.[4] The asteroid was observed for 2 months and then with time became a lost asteroid. It was recovered in 1974, by Richard Eugene McCrosky, G. Schwartz and JH Bulger based on a predicted position by Brian G. Marsden.[lower-alpha 2][13]

    Orbit and classification

    Boreas orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.3–3.3 AU once every 3 years and 5 months (1,251 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.45 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    The near-Earth asteroid has an Earth minimum orbit intersection distance of 0.2520 AU (37,700,000 km),[1] which corresponds to 98.2 lunar distances. Its observation arc begins with it official discovery observation at Uccle in 1953.[4]

    Physical characteristics

    On the Tholen and SMASS taxonomic scheme, Boreas is classified as a common S-type asteroid with a stony composition.[1] It has also been characterized as a Sw-subtype.[5][10][11]

    Several rotational lightcurves gave a rotation period between 3.4741 and 3.49 hours with a brightness variation between 0.25 and 0.35 magnitude (U=2/2/3/n.a.).[6][7][8][lower-alpha 1]

    In 1994, astronomer Tom Gehrels estimated Boreas to measure 3.5 kilometers in diameter, based on an assumed albedo of 0.15.[1] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 3.07 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 14.93.[5]

    Naming

    This minor planet is named after the Greek god of the north wind, Boreas, as the asteroid was discovered moving rapidly northward after passing the ascending node of its orbit.[3] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 8 April 1982 (M.P.C. 6833).[14]

    Notes
    1. Pravec (2001) web: rotation period 3.4748±0.0010 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.28 mag. Behrend (2001) web: rotation period 3.4741±0.0003 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.29 mag. Summary figures at Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) for (1916) Boreas
    2. Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams – 1953 RA This member of the Amor group, not observed since 1953 (cf. Minor Planet Circ. No. 3015), has been recovered by McCrosky, Schwartz and Bulger with the 155-cm reflector some 0o.3 from an unpublished prediction by B. G. Marsden International Astronomical Union Circular 2710 for (1953 RA)

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1916 Boreas (1953 RA)" (2017-05-27 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
    2. "Boreas". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House.
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1916) Boreas". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1916) Boreas. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 154. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1917. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "1916 Boreas (1953 RA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
    5. "LCDB Data for (1916) Boreas". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 10 December 2016.
    6. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1916) Boreas". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
    7. Krugly, Yu. N.; Belskaya, I. N.; Chiorny, V. G.; Shevchenko, V. G.; Gaftonyuk, N. M. (November 2002). "CCD photometry of near-Earth asteroids in 2001". In: Proceedings of Asteroids. 500: 903–906. Bibcode:2002ESASP.500..903K. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
    8. Robinson, L. E. (June 2002). "Lightcurve Photometry of 551 Ortrud, 1118 Hanskya, and 1916 Boreas from Sunflower Observatory". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 29: 37–38. Bibcode:2002MPBu...29...37R. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
    9. Dandy, C. L.; Fitzsimmons, A.; Collander-Brown, S. J. (June 2003). "Optical colors of 56 near-Earth objects: trends with size and orbit". Icarus. 163 (2): 363–373. Bibcode:2003Icar..163..363D. doi:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00087-3. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
    10. Thomas, Cristina A.; Emery, Joshua P.; Trilling, David E.; Delbó, Marco; Hora, Joseph L.; Mueller, Michael (January 2014). "Physical characterization of Warm Spitzer-observed near-Earth objects". Icarus. 228: 217–246. arXiv:1310.2000. Bibcode:2014Icar..228..217T. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.10.004. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
    11. Carry, B.; Solano, E.; Eggl, S.; DeMeo, F. E. (April 2016). "Spectral properties of near-Earth and Mars-crossing asteroids using Sloan photometry". Icarus. 268: 340–354. arXiv:1601.02087. Bibcode:2016Icar..268..340C. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.047. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
    12. Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
    13. Brian G. Marsden (24 October 1974). "International Astronomical Union Circular 2710". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
    14. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
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