1276

Year 1276 (MCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	12th century 13th century 14th century
Decades:	1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s 1290s
Years:	1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279

1276 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1276 MCCLXXVI
Ab urbe condita	2029
Armenian calendar	725 ԹՎ ՉԻԵ
Assyrian calendar	6026
Balinese saka calendar	1197–1198
Bengali calendar	683
Berber calendar	2226
English Regnal year	4 Edw. 1 – 5 Edw. 1
Buddhist calendar	1820
Burmese calendar	638
Byzantine calendar	6784–6785
Chinese calendar	乙亥年 (Wood Pig) 3972 or 3912     — to — 丙子年 (Fire Rat) 3973 or 3913
Coptic calendar	992–993
Discordian calendar	2442
Ethiopian calendar	1268–1269
Hebrew calendar	5036–5037
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1332–1333
- Shaka Samvat	1197–1198
- Kali Yuga	4376–4377
Holocene calendar	11276
Igbo calendar	276–277
Iranian calendar	654–655
Islamic calendar	674–675
Japanese calendar	Kenji 2 (建治２年)
Javanese calendar	1186–1187
Julian calendar	1276 MCCLXXVI
Korean calendar	3609
Minguo calendar	636 before ROC 民前636年
Nanakshahi calendar	−192
Thai solar calendar	1818–1819
Tibetan calendar	阴木猪年 (female Wood-Pig) 1402 or 1021 or 249     — to — 阳火鼠年 (male Fire-Rat) 1403 or 1022 or 250

It is the only Year of Four Popes.

Events

Africa

• Mamluk sultan Baibars conquers Al-Maris, previously part of Makuria, and annexes it into Egypt.

Americas

• A severe 23-year drought begins to affect the Grand Canyon area, eventually forcing the agriculture-dependent Anasazi culture to migrate out of the region.

Asia

• February – The court of the Southern Song Dynasty of China and hundreds of thousands of its citizens flee from Hangzhou to Fujian, and then Guangdong, in an effort to escape an invasion by Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty.
• June 14 – Remnants of the Song Chinese court in Fuzhou province conduct the coronation ceremony for the Prince Zhao Shi to become Emperor Duanzong of Song.
• Alamut Castle is again captured by the Mongols from a Nizari force under a son of Rukn al-Din Khurshah and a descendant of the Khwarezmshahs.[1][2]

Europe

• March 9 – Augsburg becomes an Imperial Free City. Ravensburg also does in the same year.
• June – King Rudolph I of Germany declares war on King Otakar II of Bohemia, a political rival; by November, Otakar II is forced to cede four important territories, as demanded by the Diet of Nuremberg in 1274.
• Stefan Dragutin of Serbia becomes King of Serbia.
• A Mudejar rebellion erupts in Valencia (it is put down in 1278).[3]

Culture

• Merton College, Oxford, is first recorded as having a collection of books, making its Library the world's oldest in continuous daily use.[4]

Economics

• Henry of Ghent becomes the last major theologian to openly consider annuities as usurious contract. The end of the debate allows for the expansion of the budding practice of renten emission, to become a staple of public finance in north-western Europe.[5]

Religion

• January 21 – Pope Innocent V succeeds Pope Gregory X, as the 185th pope.
• July 11 – Pope Adrian V (also referred to as Hadrian) succeeds Pope Innocent V, as the 186th pope.
• September 13 – Pope John XXI succeeds Pope Adrian V as the 187th pope, becoming the fourth man this calendar year to hold the office of pope.
• The foundation stone of the Minoritenkirche in Vienna is laid, by King Otakar II of Bohemia.

Births

• May 3 –Louis, Count of Évreux, son of King Philip III of France (d. 1319)
• September 29 –Christopher II of Denmark (d. 1332)
• October 19 – Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shōgun (d. 1328)
• Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford (d. 1322)
• Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German ruler (d. 1318)
• Robert, King of Naples (d. 1343)
• Vakhtang III of Georgia (d. 1308)

Deaths

• January 10 – Pope Gregory X
• June 22 – Pope Innocent V
• July 27 – King James I of Aragon (b. 1208)
• August 18 – Pope Adrian V
• November 30 – Kanezawa Sanetoki, Japanese member of the Hōjō clan (b. 1224)
• Guido Guinizelli, Italian poet
• Mathilde of Saarbrücken, countess ruler (b. 1224)
• Vasily of Kostroma, Grand Duke of Vladimir (b. 1241)
• Ahmad al-Badawi, Moroccan Badawiyyah Sufi founder (b. 1199)

References

1. Wasserman, James (2001). The Templars and the Assassins: The Militia of Heaven. Simon and Schuster. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-59477-873-5.
2. Virani, Shafique N.; Virani, Assistant Professor Departments of Historical Studies and the Study of Religion Shafique N. (2007). The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, a Search for Salvation. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-19-531173-0.
3. de Epalza, Miguel (1999). Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror. Brill. p. 96. ISBN 90-04-11244-8.
4. "Library & Archives - History". Oxford: Merton College. Archived from the original on May 13, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
5. Munro, John H. (2003). "The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution". The International History Review. 15 (3): 506–562.