Źmitrok Biadula

Shmuel Yefimovich Plavnik (Belarusian: Самуіл Яфімавіч Плаўнік, romanized: Samuił Jafimavič Płaŭnik; Yiddish: שמואל בן חיים פּלאַווניק‎; April 23, 1886 – November 3, 1941), better known by the pen name Źmitrok Biadula (Belarusian: Змітрок Бядуля), was a Jewish Belarusian poet, prose writer, translator, and political activist in the Belarusian independence movement. He is considered one of the fathers of modern Belarusian literature.[1]

Źmitrok Biadula
BornShmuel Yefimovich Plavnik
(1886-04-23)April 23, 1886
Pasadziec, Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire
DiedNovember 3, 1941(1941-11-03) (aged 55)
Near Uralsk, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union
Pen nameŹmitrok Biadula, Yasakar[1]
LanguageBelarusian, Yiddish, Hebrew, Russian

Biography

Źmitrok Biadula was born Shmuel Yefimovich Plavnik on April 23, 1886 in the small town of Pasadziec (now in Lahoysk Raion, Minsk Voblast) to a Jewish family. He began writing Hebrew poems at age 13, based on medieval liturgical poetry.[2] He later started writing in Russian and Belarusian, publishing works in the St. Petersburg press and the Vilnius magazine Mołodyje Porywy. In 1910 he published poetic prose in Nasha Niva. Following the Soviet takeover of Belarus, he began writing novels in the Socialist realist genre.

After the German invasion of the USSR in 1941, Biadula fled Belarus. He lived first in Pizhma, Gorky Oblast, then, until the end of October 1941, in the village of Novye Burasy, Saratov Oblast.[3] He died near Uralsk in Kazakhstan, where he was buried.[4]

In February 2020, the remains of Źmitrok Biadula were exhumed and delivered to Belarus. On November 3 of the same year, on the 79th anniversary of his death, the remains were reburied at the Eastern Cemetery in Minsk in a Christian ceremony.[5][6][7]

References
  1. Zajka, Vital Zajka (2008). "Belarusian Literature". In Hundert, Gershon (ed.). YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  2. "Zmitrok Biadula". Yiddishkayt. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  3. Žybul, Viktar (November 14, 2016). "В. Жибуль О Бядулихе". Народны iзраільска-беларускi сайт (in Russian). Retrieved July 4, 2018.
  4. Kasaty, Peter (August 20, 2006). "Writer Zmitrok Biadula". A Belarus Miscellany. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007.
  5. "Прах Змитрока Бядули перезахоронили в Минске". Belarusian Telegraph Agency (in Belarusian). November 3, 2020.
  6. Liphshiz, Cnaan (November 5, 2020). "Jewish poet given Christian burial in Belarus". Jewish Telegraphic Agency.
  7. "Прах Змитрока Бядули перезахоронили на Восточном кладбище". Минск-Новости (in Belarusian). November 3, 2020.
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