Šahovići massacre

The Šahovići massacre was a massacre of the Muslim Bosniak population of the Yugoslav village of Šahovići (modern-day Tomaševo in Montenegro) and neighbouring villages in the region of the Lower Kolašin. It was committed on 9 and 10 November 1924 by a mob of 2,000 Orthodox Christian men from Kolašin and Bijelo Polje that sought revenge for the earlier murder of Boško Bošković, governor of the area. The massacre was fueled by rumors which targeted local Bosniak, anti-Yugoslav leader Jusuf Mehonjić as the perpetrator. In time, it became known that Bošković was killed by members of a rival clan, the Rovčani. In the aftermath of the massacre many Bosniaks fled from the region.

Šahovići massacre
Photo of the victim's bodies
Location	Šahovići, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (modern-day Tomaševo in Bijelo Polje Municipality in Montenegro)
Coordinates	43.0578°N 19.6364°E
Date	November 9, 1924- November 10, 1924
Victims	Bosniaks from Šahovići 600[1] up to 900 according to independent estimates 120 according to official Yugoslav reports of the time
Perpetrators	Orthodox Christian mob from Bijelo Polje and Kolašin
Motive	Revenge for murder of Boško Bošković Anti-Muslim sentiment

Background

Boško Bošković, chief of Kolašin county

The motive for the massacre was the murder of Boško Bošković, the chief of the Kolašin county. Bošković was murdered in an ambush by unknown assailants on 7 November 1924, while he travelled from Mojkovac to Šahovići. In this period, in much of Lower Kolašin a group of anti-Yugoslav rebels were active. Their leader was Jusuf Mehonjić from Šahovići.[1][2] The local Montenegrin authorities singled out Jusuf Mejonjić and the population of Šahovići as having being active in Bošković's murder and issued an order was issued on the same day to confiscate all weapons in possession of the population of Šahovići and Pavino Polje. Bošković was buried on 9 November 1924. In the speeches held during his funeral, the Orthodox population of Šahovići accused the Muslim population of Šahovići for his death. Adil Zulfikarpašić emphasizes that Šahovići and Pavino Polje had been disarmed two days before the massacre. Local authorities arrested 31 men from Šahovići on 7 November 1924.[3] After the events of the massacre, it emerged that the murderers of Bošković were clan members from Rovca, a rival tribe to his own.[1]

Massacre

Jusuf Mehonjić, local rebel

Zulfikarpašić concluded that the massacre was committed by armed men from Kolašin and Bijelo Polje who coordinated their attack on Šahovići and Pavino Polje on the 19 km wide frontline.[4] There are different estimates of the number of victims. Some sources estimate 600,[5] while some sources up to 900, all of them emphasizing that many women and children were among victims.[6] Some sources estimate the number of victims to be 3,000.[7] According to the official report, the massacre was committed by villagers from Polja village in Kolašin, members of the brotherhood of the murdered Bošković, who killed 120 Muslims and burned and robbed 45 houses.[8]

The massacre was described by Milovan Đilas in the book Land without Justice, based on the testimony of his father Nikola, who participated in the massacre.[9]

In Shahovichi the authorities informed the vigilantes that a group of Moslems, taken under protective custody on the pretext that their lives were in danger, were being moved to Bjelo Polje. The Montenegrins lay in wait for them in a likely spot, and massacred them near the cemetery of Shahovichi. Some fifty prominent Moslems were killed. . . .What especially upset the established mores was not so much the murders themselves, but the way in which they were carried out. After those prisoners in Sahovici were mowed down, one of our villagers, Sekula, went from corpse to corpse and severed the ligaments at their heels. This is what is done in the village with oxen after they are struck down by a blow of the axe, to keep them from getting up again if they should revive. . . . Babes were taken from the arms of mothers and sisters and slaughtered before their eyes. . . . The beards of the Moslem religious leaders were torn out and crosses were carved into their foreheads. . . .

— Milovan Đilas, Land without Justice

Aftermath

Muslim notables and leaders from Šahovići who survived the massacre wrote a memorandum to Yugoslav king. In the absence of appropriate reaction from Yugoslav government, all Muslims from Šahovići emigrated from their village, most of them to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Many Muslims from the area of Bijelo Polje fled the region and emigrated to Turkey.[1]

References

1. Morrison, Kenneth (2018). Nationalism, Identity and Statehood in Post-Yugoslav Montenegro. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 56. ISBN 1474235190.
2. Komnenić-Džaković, Jelisavka; Đurović, Žarko (1994). U spomen Vukomanu Džakoviću. Stručna knjiga. p. 21.
3. Историjски записи. с.н. 1986. p. 150.
4. Zulfikarpašić, Adil (1984). Bosanski pogledi: nezavisni list muslimana Bosne i Hercegovine u iseljeništvu, 1960-1967. Bosanski Inst.
5. Vulliamy, Ed (1994). Seasons in Hell: Understanding Bosnia's War. Simon & Schuster, Limited. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-671-71345-4. A wave of violence was unleashed against Muslims in the early 1920s. Three thousand extrajudicial murders were chronicled in 1924 in eastern Herzegovina alone, 600 of them during the massacre of two villages, Sahovici and Pavino Polje.
6. Hajdaparšić, Raif (1996). Kolašinska kapetanija i bošnjački narod. Udruženje Bošnjaka Porijeklom iz Sandžaka. p. 112.
7. Omrčanin, Ivo (1957). Istina o Draži Mihailoviću. Logos. p. 67.
8. Rastoder, Šerbo (2000). Političke stranke i Crnoj Gori 1918-1929. Conteco-Bar. p. 554.
9. The South Slav Journal. Dositey Obradovich Circle. 1983. p. 8.

Further reading

• Rastoder, Šerbo (2011). Kad su vakat kaljali insani: Šahovići 1924. Almanah. ISBN 978-86-85575-27-3.
• Alamanah, 45–46, ISSN 0354-5342, pages: 299–365, Podgorica, 2009